'Australian Plants' Vol.2 No.19 June 1964 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The text in this file has been extracted from 'Australian Plants' Vol.2 No.19 June 1964. | | | | Please note that the file was compiled from a scan of the original document. As successful | | scanning is dependent on the quality of the original, there may be errors in the text where | | the scanning software was unable to recognise particular words. | | | | PLEASE USE THE FOLLOWING LINK TO VIEW THE ACTUAL, ACCURATELY FORMATTED | | JOURNAL, INCLUDING ILLUSTRATIONS AND PHOTOS: | | | | https://anpsa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Australian-Plants/Australian-Plants-Vol2-19.pdf | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ PUBLISIHED BY TIHIE ar G periodicn] Qevistered D PISEN SETENE) SOCTETY Syt L tor o FoR GROWING Vo AUSTRALIAN PLANTS (N JUNT SHILLINGS Ll Nt YN, Au Insiies Nay L Helichrysum acuminatum ORANGE EVERLASTINGS @@@ 2 @@@ Page 210—Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—COMPOSITAE June, 1964 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN EVERLASTING DAISIES by P. J. Parry In my opinion there are two species of Western Australian Helipterums worthy of cultivation, these being the Acroclinium (Helipterum manglesii) and Rhodanthe (Helipterum roseum). They are grown annually in large quantities at “Floralands” for the cut flower trade and are also useful and popular for use in dried flower arrangements. (Acrcclinium and Rhodanthe are both obsolete generic names, sometimes used by nurserymen in a vernacular sense.) Acroclinium seeds should be sown during February and the seedlings planted out into their permanent positions when large enough. Under cultivation this variety grows to a nice bushy plant and the flower stems grow up to three feet. They continue to bloom for a couple of months if the flowers are kept picked. The colour range is from white, through the various shades of pink to red, with either yellow or black centres. They flower during Springtime, but will not stand heavy frosts. Rhodanthe seeds should also be sown during February, and seedlings planted out when about two inches high into their permanent positions. Like Acroclinium, they will not stand heavy frosts. The plant grows to aboui two feet, the colour range being two shades of pink and white, all with yellow centres. Both of these everlasting species are best treated as annuals and planted freshly each year. THIS ISSUE — EVERLASTINGS The value of everlasting flowers is only just being realised and the principal supplier to the trade has released his secrets in the above article. It is not generally realised the wide range of colours available and that these showy plants are easily grown in any garden. Compact plants can be obtained from various species with a mature height of only a few inches to plants of a few feet, with masses of blossom. Predominant colours are yellow and white (two colour plates illustrate this) and when massed as shown in colour on page 229 they make a beautiful spectacle. Why not have a mass of this colour in your garden? THE NATIVE DAISIES The everlasting belongs to the large daisy family Compositae. To introduce this large family to the reader a special supplement by a leading Australian Botanist is included. He has gone to special trouble to present it as simply as possible and lay readers can skip those botanical sections that are included for the sake of completeness and for those who have been waiting for years for such original basic classification. Other articles mention various ‘‘daisies’’ for the garden. This issue is intended only to introduce the subject and future issues will deal more fully with the many valuable garden plants in the family. Such future issues will deal with the Alpine Daisies, Olearias, Helipterum, etc. and contributions and notes are invited. WILDFLOWERS OF INLAND AUSTRALIA Everlastings abound in inland areas. Wild flowers f{rom inland Australia that will make good garden subjects are described by R. F. C. Swinbourne—Central Australia, Wittwer and Lullfitz—S.W. Australia, Dr. J. S. Beard—N.W. Australia and Western Queensland by L. Miller. NATIVE ORCHIDS Every issue contains articles on native orchids. @@@ 3 @@@ June, J% B -~ AUSTRALIAN PLANTS - COMPOSITAE Page 211--Vol. 2 Somer Showy Species of the Daisy Family in Western Australia by E. Wittwer and F. Lullfitz, King’s Park, Perth Spring was a particularly good season in Western Australia for all tree-flowering annuals such as the colourful Everlastings. These are seen to the best advantage in the outer wheatbelt and mulga country. This article mentions the most prolific and colourful species of the Daisy family (Compositae) which grow in the country between Kalgoorlie and Wiluna and up to Geraldton and Carnarvon. The flowers in most cases consist of a cluster of bisexual florets arranged in a head or boss with a ring or ray of modified florets or of bracts acting as petals. In some species the petals are the mos: showy part of the flower but in others they are insignificant or absent; then the fertile florets form the colourful “flower.” These plants cover iremendous areas in the Salmon Gum and York Gum country and further out occur in even larger colonies amongst mulga. The different species merge into one another so that acres upon acres of pinks, changing to white or yellow, can be seen. The impression is of a vast, colourful carpet covering the countryside. (See page 220) A noticeable feature of the Everlastings is their response to better conditions. When the country is dry or the soil poor the plants are small and carry only one or two flowers. In richer soils and where rain has been more generous the plants grow two or three times taller, the primary branches increase in number and the secondary branches carry many flowers instead of only one. The flower heads too grow considerably larger. On a large plant of Waitzea acuminata over one thousand flower heads have been counted. Prolific plants of Schoenia cassiniana can equal this. In some localities Cephalipterum drummondii covers square miles with its vellow heads, completely hiding all other vegetation. Elsewhere the white form of the same species takes over. But the Everlastings are not the only plants in this region presenting on unforgettable sight. There are many other annuals of equal beauty. The blue Billy Button (Brunonia australis) grows in abundance under the silvery-grey mulga trees, forming such a dense mass of countless cornflower- blue flower heads as to give the impression of a vast lake. In many places both sides of the road are covered with the pale pink, white-gold and gold of the Velleias (Goodeniaceae). In the northern part of the mulga country the Mulla-Mullas (Ptilotus, or Trichinium) take over from the Everlastings. Square miles of country are so densely covered by these plants that the distribution of different species can be recognised from the air. Their colour ranges from silvery green to pink and purple. Species of this genus occur as far north as the Hamersley Range and the Port Hedland area. Angianthus acrohyalinus — Upright annual 12" high, flowers yellow, oblong heads, 1" long, 3s” diameter. In mulga country. Bellida major — Annual 1-12” high with rosette of basal leaves. Flowers 2" diameter, bracts pink, centre golden. Up to 12 flower heads per plant. In red soil, Salmon and York Gum country. Continued on page 241 @@@ 4 @@@ Proe @l Vol o VSTRATIAN PLANTS o P INLAND June 106 CENTRAL AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR THE GARDEN PART 2 v ROOF OGO Swibowme. Botany Seetton, Animas Industry Draneh Alice Sprines, N7 INTRODUCTION reprmiced ront Part 1m0 our Nooo 1 s Allce Springs, beme oo semnarnd zone, 1sow mosi switable pluce tor cultiviaen i native plants. Phe average annuad vantad!l s about ten nches, the summer beirg crvemely hots wihe severe trosts Inoowinter A mnuner ot boemes are o built o inoareas wiwere Rl P R i frer IR BB Iy o venintos ot Todike Sadds Iy L WILD FLOWERS FROM CEMTRAL AUSTRALIA @@@ 5 @@@ June, 1964 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF THE INLAND Page 213—Vol. 2 the soil is fairly saline, and only plants tolerant of this soil type will succeed. Native plants are adapted to these conditions thus allowing the enjoyment of a garden even though exotic plants may fail. As well as our climatic conditions and soils the native plants do not use near the amount of water that our exotic introduced species do, and in country that needs to conserve its water, this is a most important feature. This article deals with Central Australian plant species which are suitable for cultivation or are already incorporated into local gardens. COMPOSITAE SPECIES (Daisies and Everlastings) Brachycome ciliaris var. lanuginosa, a small herb with fine stems and leaves and dainty mauve-blue daisy flowers. This native is often encouraged in gardens and makes quite a show. Calocephalus platycephalus (Billybutton), a small herb with bright yellow compact inflorescences, fine leaves and growing to 6 or 7 inches. Helichrysum ambiguum, a very bright yellow flowering plant with bright green foliage, grows 1o 1 foot. Helichrysum bracteatum (Everlasting), quick growing annual herb to 1 toot high with bright yellow papery flowers. Helichrysum cassinianum, a very pretty bright pink “paper daisy” flower. Plant growing to 12 inches high, annual. Helipterum semifertile, a small yellow-flowered herb growing to 12 inches high. Annual. Helipterum fitzgibbonii, a most attractive annual “paper daisy”, petals are white interior and the outer are brown-red, with a raised yellow centre. Growing up to 1 foot high this herb would make an excellent addition to the garden. Helipterum floribundum “White Paperdaisy”, this is an annual which makes a real show with white petals and bright yellow centres. Although the flowers are only small the plants seem to have a never ending supply of blooms. Growing to 10 inches high, this would make an ideal annual border plant. Myriocephalus stuartii (Poached egg daisy), an annual herb to 1 foot and spreading, this is the most outstanding annual composite in Central Australia. The inflorescences are very large, white with yellow centres. Pterocaulon sphacelatum, a perennial herb growing to 3 feet with mauve-purple inflorescences. o ST ] TN g} b 3 ‘\\'\/‘x\v\?& B gi& é : 4‘,]} N /‘7’% 1. Ptilotus macrocephalus oo S ¥ q RV Y P £ 'gi q'l ;«\ 2. Ptilotus obovatus }C"'fi}\]“ > 3. Eremophila christopheri 4. Cassia artemisioides Bl Petalostylis labicheoides var. cassioides G. Prostanthera striatiflora @@@ 6 @@@ Page 214—Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF THE INLAND ~June, 1964 Rutidosis helichrysoides, o grey-green perennial herb with yellow to orange-yellow inflorescences. Senecio gregorii (Annual yellow top), a blue-green succulent herb with bright yellow daisy flowers and attractive seeding heads. Senecio magnificus (Yellowtop), a perennial blue-grey succulent leaved herb with bright yellow daisy flowers, borne in huge clusters, making it a plant well worth consideration for cultivation. Editor's Notes Who will help with notes, seed, or colour slides? CASSIA SPECIES Cassia eremophila, a fine-leaved light green bush up to 6 feet, with yellow flowers. Cassia artemisioides, a grey leaved bush to 5 feet with yellow flowers. Cassia notabilis, a iarge leaved, pubescent, herb to 3 feet high, has yellow flowers and very brightly coloured pods, these varying in colours, green, yellow, orange and red, according to age. Cassia sturtii (Silver Cassia), a silvery-grey shrub to & feet with yellow flowers and yellow-green pods with reddish edges, making the bush very showy. Cassia sophera, a large leaved shrub with yellow flowers growing to 3 feet and very easily cultivated. Cassia venusta, a large leaved, slightly pubescent shrub to 5 feat with yellow flowers. In a number of gardens and shrub areas these Cassias may be found giving a flash of brilliance with their bright yellow during blossom-time and colours of pods soon after. Editor's Notes An issue is planned on Cassic. Who will assist with notes, colour slides and specimens? LEGUMINOUS SPECIES (Pea Flowered Plants) Indigofera leucotricha a pretty red flowering “Indigobush” makes a useful shrub for the odd spot, for with its grey foliage this shrub is attractive even when not in flower. It grows to 3 feet and forms an even shape. Crotalaria cunninghamii (Bird Flower), an herbaceous shrub growing to 5 feet with very attractive spikes of lime-green pea-shaped flowers. In its natural habitat, it dies down during dry periods, yet when cultivated is slightly frost-tender in winter, but persists as a small shrub. Clianthus formosus (Sturt's Desert Pea) an herbaceous, perennial legume, which has bright scarlet pea flowers, often with a dark centre, borne in clusters along the slender stems. This legume can be used in ordinary garden areas or in rockeries where it will cascade and lay among the rocks giving off its scarlet brilliance. Glycine sericea an attractive climbing legume. Having pretty pink pea flowers this would make an attractive climbing addition to any native garden. Ervthrina vecnertilio (Baiw'ng Bauntree). o semi decidusus trez to 40 feet, with c~rky bark, tawnv in colour, and b~*wing shrped leaves, the tree has a large sereadina head and brifliant cca-lot Nowes anpar when the leaves have just about fallen. The pods vy b-own and split showing bright red seeds. MALVACEQUS SPECIES (Hibiscus typ= flowers) Cierfucosin anssynioides. commonly known as “Sturt’s Desert Rose” ~akes en extremely attractive shrub for arassed areos and its cultivation has increased cince it was declared floral emblem for the Northern @@@ 7 @@@ June, 1964 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF THE INLAND Page 215—Vol. 2 Territory. It has large mauve-blue hibiscus-shaped flowers, takes well to reasonable pruning and generally makes o great display during the flowering periods. Hibiscus farragei is an herbaceous shrub to 6 feet with large leaves and mavuve-pink hibiscus flowers, with a dark centre. Growing fairly quickly and germinating fairly easily from seed are factors which make this a worth- while specimen, as well as being extremely showy at blossom time. If dead wood is cut out frequently the shrub keeps o reasonably neat shape ond doesn’t get the straggly appearance of those in their natural habitat. Notoxylinon pedatum and N. australe, two members of the hibiscus family also worth consideration for cultivation. Both have mauve-pink flowers drying bluish and theii foliage, whilst similar to Cienfugosia gossypioides has some fine hairs on the backs of the leaves. People often mistake the Notoxylinon spp. for “Sturt’s Desert Rose” but as well as the more hairy leaves, the stems of the "Desert Rose” have dark spots. The shrubs have a similar habit and can be used in similar positions. Abutilon leucopetalum (Lantern Bush), an herbaceous shrub to 4 feet high with large soft leaves and bright lemon coloured lantern flowers. Editor’'s Notes An issue on this Hibiscus family is planned. Who will assist with notes, slides or seed? CHENOPODS Atriplex nummularia (Old Man Saltbush), a very useful member of the “Saltbush” family. Grey herbaceous shrub to 6 feet high with dense foliage. When the flowering heads dry off they turn golden-brown giving a very attractive appearance. This shrub can be used as an individual specimen or as a very attractive and useful hedge. For farms and stations etc., this shrub also can be used as a feed. Enchylaena tomentosa, a succulent herbaceous shrub growing to 3 feet high and spreading outwards with small green, orange and red tomato-like fruit. This is very easily cultivated. It is sometimes known as “Ruby Saltbush” or “Wild Tomato.” PTILOTUS SPECIES (Pussy Tails) Ptilotus atriplicifolius, a perennial with grey-green foliage and mauve- purple inflorescences. This Pussytail grows in compact clumps approximately 2 feet high and 3 feet across, often found filling an otherwise barren spot. Ptilotus obovatus. This Pussytail is very similiar to P. atriplicifolius in growth habit and colouring except that the inflorescences are smaller and very compact and the foliage is considerably smaller. Ptilotus exaltatus, a taller Pussytail with large fleshy leaves and large mauve-purple inflorescences to 6 inches long. The plant grows to 3 feet high or sometimes higher. Ptilotus helipteroides, a smaller scecies with very pretty pink-purple inflorescences and greyish-green foliage. The species, growing to 10 inches high, is an annual but may act as a perennial in cultivation. Ptilotus macrocephalus, a taller growing species, up to 3 feet high with narrow leaves and large green inflorescences to five or six inches long. This is an annual species but really worth cultivating. Ptilotus nobilis, a larger Pussytail, similar in size and general growth tc P. exaltatus excepting that it has large creamy-brewn inflorescences to six inches long or even longer. Ptilotus polystachyus is a larger Pussytail with fairly narrow leaves and @@@ 8 @@@ Page 216—Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF THE INLANPD June, 1964_ very long narrow inflorescences which are green in colour up to 10 inches long, appearing like candles. Ptilotus polystachyus var. rubriflorus is a red, almost maroon form of P. polystachyus. Ptilotus spp. generally are worthy of a position in any garden, as they are not just limited in colour range and certainly in mass make an out- standing display. Some of the annuals would most likely act as perennials in favourable conditions. As well as using these in odd spots and garden beds, they would lend themselves well to plantings in rockeries. Editor's Notes Some of these show cxceptional promise as garden plants. Who will assist with notes, slides and sced? EREMOPHILA SPECIES (Native Fuchsia of the Desert or Emu Bushes) Eremophila christopheri (one of the Native Fuchsia family). A shrub to 6 feet, with small leaves and mauve inflorescences. A lovely addition to any garden. Eremophila freelingii (Native Fuchsia), shrub to 5 feet, slightly pubescent, with viscid covering on leaves. Flowers lilac and when shrub is in bloom ii really is a spectacle. Eremophila gilesii, a fine viscid leaved Native Fuchsia growing to 4 feet with mauve-blue flowers. Easy to rear, and cultivate. Eremophila latrobei, a glabrous shrub to 5 feet with flowers red exterior and yellow interior, and with narrow crowded leaves. Eremophila longifolia, a taller growing Native Fuchsia with long pendulous leaves and brick red flowers. Growing up to 20 feet high, this is a graceful shrub or small tree. Eremophila macdonnellii, a pretty Native Fuchsia bush, with bright green foliage and deep mauve flowers. 1-2 feet high and sprawling, this shrub is ideal for filling otherwise awkward spots. Eremophila maculata, a shrub growing to 4 feet with lanceolate leaves and flowers varying from yellow orange to red with darker spots inside. Editor's Notes These dry areca shrubs were first introduced in our No. 10 issue. A futher issue is planned. Who will assist with notes, slides or seed? MISCELLANEOUS TREE AND SHRUB SPECIES Brachychiton gregorii (Desert Kurrajong), a tree to 20 feet high with thick, tapered, fleshy trunk and emu-foot leaves forming a dense head. It has small cream flowers and large dark-grey pods. This is a most outstanding specimen tree and excellent for both garden and street plantings. Pittosporum phylliraeoides (Native Willow or Apricot tree), growing to 20 feet high, with its attractive willowy habit, sweet-scented small cream flowers and a profusion of small apricot coloured fruits, this tree may be found in a number of gardens. Casuvarina decaisneana (Desert Cak), normally a very tall tree to 60 or 70 feet and a huge dark grey to black trunk with weeping foliage. Recently a windbreak of young Desert Oak was planted and has done well, growing to 8 feet high in a few years, after being fairly closely planted. Dodonaea viscosa var. spathulata (Hop bush), growing to 15 feet, this bush is extremely colourful with red fruit hanging in clusters all over and bright viscid leaves. In cultivation, the foliage becomes more dense and the bush generally becomes even more attractive. It is an eye-catcher in any garden. Macrozamia macdonnellii (Cycad-palm) is a very attractive cycad, growing in the MacDonnell and other Central Australian Ranges, and is considered @@@ 9 @@@ June, 1964 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF THI INLAND Page 217—Vol. 2 a relic species. The main trunk doesnt grow very high, possibiy 12 feet and the fronds extend 8-10 feet from the trunk. There are male and female plants, the female cones being very attractive when fresh, and are orange in colour with darker markings. In a number of gardens an cccasional Cycad-palm may be found, especially being a feature in large gardens. Marsdenia australis (Bush banana), a grey leaved twiner with small cream flowers and large greyish-green fruit. it is not unusual to see a plant of "Bush banana” or Glycine sericea twining themselves around the trunk of a "Corkwood.” Pandorea doratoxylon (Spearwood or Wonga Vine), a member of the Bignoniaceae family is also worthy of consideration for gardens, having masses of creamy bell flowers with brown-red markings inside, and attractive fine foliage. This is a weeping shrub somefimes twining. After flowering large clusters of green pods are hanging, still making the specimen attractive. It is fairly easily grown from seed and responds well to cultivation. Prostanthera striatiflora (Mintbush), a shrub to 6 feet high with small leaves and masses of creamy-white flowers with dark markings in throat. It is highly scented, and has a shapely growth, and is easily cultivated. Myoporum montanum (Boobyalla), a shrub to 7 feet with leathery ianceolate leaves and small cream-white flowers. This shrub is used as a hedge or wind-break, having a greater tolerance of some very saline soils as occur in small areas around Alice Springs. Solanum quadriloculatum (Wild tomato or Tomato bush), despite its prickles makes an attractive splash of colour, the foliage being blue-grey, and the petals a brilliant purple with yellow anthers. The bush grows to 2% feet high and 3 or more feet across, with dense foliage. ROCKERY PLANTS Sarcostemma australe, a succulent stemmed shrub with minute leaves, tiny cream flowers, and grows to 4 feet. This could well be used in rockeries and would be very much like “Skeleton Plant” which is used in rockeries and similar positions elsewhere. Calandrinia balonensis (a Parakeelya), a succulent herb with thick fleshy leaves and very bright pink-purple flowers with yellow stamens. An ideal rockery plant proven for this purpose. Calandrinia remota (a Parakeelya), a succulent herb with fleshy rounded 'eaves and stems, and very bright pink-purple flowers. This also is an ideal rockery plant. Crinum flaccidum (the Sandover Lily), a very beautiful white spidery flowered lily. It is cultivated, and multiplies well, but often disappoints by failing to bloom regularly, but when it does flower, it is most rewarding. This could be used in rockeries. Erodium crinitum and E. cygnorum, two members of the Geranium family are very interesting little additions to the rockeries, with their small bright Llue flowers, pretty foliage (much like some cultivated geraniums) and their crow’s foot seed pods. Editor's Note: An issue on native succulents is planned. I urgently need notes, slides, ete., from readers for these excellent ground cover, very showy plants. CONCLUSION A number of the plants mentioned here have been or are being cultivated with very rewarding results. The others are mentioned because of their suitability and also they are reasonably easy to rear and cultivate. @@@ 10 @@@ Page 218—Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF DRY AREAS June, 1964 NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA by J. S. Beard Officially, the “NORTH-WEST” is that part of Western Australia nortn of the 26th parallel and bounded on the inland side by thz unoccupied stretches of the Great Sandy Desert. Opened up by pastoralists and miners between 1880 and 1900, this vast region of 200,000 sq. miles has remained thinly settlec! and little known until quite recently when new mineral resources and tourism have begun to attract newcomers. Virtually all is semi-desert, with an erratic rainfall averaging only 8-12 inches a year, falling mainly in rare summer storms. The winter is dry, cool and delightful, but summer temperatures are the highest experienced in the whole continent. From the north and west the land rises gently or in steps to a series of interior plateaux up to 2,500 feet above sea level from which rise, in ihe central Hamersley Range, further mountains that are the highest in the state and culminate in Mt. Bruce, 4,054 it. This topographv of barren tableland and mountain is drained by four great systems of intermittent rivers flcwing to the north-west, the Gascoyne, Ashburton, Fortescue and cde Grey. The plant cover is snarse and drought-resistant, the north half cf the region very roughly north of the Tropic being ccvered with spinifex and the southern half with mulga. None the less the vegetation contains ¢ number of outstanding floral elements which are well worth horticultural notice, and after a season of good rains the floral display cften rivals ihat seen in the famous "SOUTH-WEST.” There is, however, a curious preponderance of the colours mauve and yellow, and absence of red, orange and blue, all of which are seen in profusion in the south-west. In the more southerly part, that is, in the mulaa, the most noteworthy element is the genus Eremophila, or "Poverty Bushes”, shrubs which form a lower layer in mulga woodland and verv often grow actually beneath mulga trees. (Mulga ~ Acacia aneura and allied species). There are over 100 species of Eremophila in the state with more still being found, so that they are too numerous to mention individually. All colours of the spectrum are represented in Eremophila flowers, some self, some spotted, mostly showy. In many cases the calyx is large and gaily coloured and persists on ;he bush after the corolla has fallen. Leaves vary from dark green and shiny to silver-tomentose, broad to narrow. Variotion is infinite, and horticultural possibilities exciting. Another genus in the mulga is Ptilotus or Trichinium, the ""Mulla-mullas”, annuals or soft perennial ground plants which in the northern mulga replace everlastings as the ground cover. Here again they are far oo numerous to mention with over 50 species. The flower-spikes are either mauve or greenish-white. These cccur also in the spinifex country and rival the other main elements there, the Cassias, small shrubs of 3-4 feet, which grow among the spinifex and have all yellow flowers. Finest is C. venusta with great terminal spikes of large flowers. C. desolata is an attractive glaucous-leaved species. The widespread C. plevrocarpa is showy, and there are numerous cthers. A very good relative is Petalostylis with two species, P. labicheoides and P. millefolium, spreading shrubs, the flowers having a red mark in the @@@ 11 @@@ June, 1964 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF DRY AREAS Page 219—Vol. 2 centre. Other legumes include Sturt’s Desert Pea, Clianthus formosus; ihz vetches, numerous Swainsona spp. mostly trailing herbs of salty flats, though the finest, S. maccullochiana is an herbaceous shrub up to 8 feet with flowers white, blue or bronze; the bird flower, Crotalaria cunninghamii, another giant herb, and some smaller relatives, Kennedya prorepens, a trailing vine with small purple flowers; Burfonia polyzyga, a small bush with yellow flowers; and the genus Tephrosia, small woody plants with pea flowers in asscrted colours — T. remotiflora (pink), T. uniovulata (yellow), T. bidwillii, T. coriacea (orange), T. flammea (orange-red), T. purpurea (purple). The Hibiscus family has some interesting representatives. H. panduriformis ic a soft shrub 6-8 ft., flowers yellow with crimson centre, found in sandy river beds. H. goldsworthii has beautiful lilac flowers with purple centre but the bush is fiendishly prickly. Gossypium robinsonii and Notoxylinon australe are soft shrubs 6-8 ft. with mauve flowers and purple centre: the former has an indented and the latter an entire leaf. Outstanding herbaceous plants include Goodenia stapfiana, bushy, spreading, to 3 ft. tall, with striking bright blue flowers marked with deeper blue. The foliage is sticky however, which is tiresome. Trichodesma zeylanicum is an erect herb 5-6 ft. tall with long blue and white flowers. Didiscus glaucifolius is a white-flowered relation of Roftnest Daisy. Shrubs include some Dcdoneas (Hop-Bushes) and several Grevilleas, Hokeas and numerous wattles. Grevillea juncifelia is a small tree, orange- flowered, in spinifex sandploin in mulga country. G. wickhamii is a tall shrub of upright pyramidal growth, flowers scarlet. The common Pilbara Grevillea, G. pyramidalis, has less interesting creamy flowers, and so has the Cork- wood, Hakea lorea, with its thick fire-resistant bark. NOTES ON PTILOTUS (TRICHINIUM) Dr. J. S. Beard—Director Kings Park, Perth 57 species are recorded for Western Australia in our catalogue. Of these 18 were collected on cur North-West run. Most of them are undistin- guished but the best are:— Pt. exaltatus. Large vigorous annual herb up to 3 ft. with broad, glossy, dark green leaves. Flower heads mauve and white. Pt. rotundifolius. Perennial shrub, spreading, 2 ft., leaves silvery, flowers mauve and white. Pi. obovatus. Woody shrub, 22 ft., leaves glaucous, flowers mauve ond white. Pt. macrocephalus. Perennial herb, 2'2 ft., flowers white in massive heads. Pi. calostachyus. Perennial with a persistent woody rootstock and tall, delicate, grass-like stems up to 3 ft., bearing delicate heads of mauve and white flowers. Pt. clementii. Annual herb, 3 ft., flowers greenish-whiie. Pi. auriculifolius. Annual, 12-18”, flowers white. Pt. carinatus. Herb with persistent rootstock, 18", fiowers mauve ard white. We are not well informed on the perennation of these plants and it may be that P. exaltatus is a true annual, the others resprouting each year from a persistent roofstock. @@@ 12 @@@ Page 229‘V01. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS OF DRY AREAS ~June, 1964 SOME QUEENSLAND EREMOPHILAS By LEN MILLEK Because little is known of our Eremophilas, | think a small article is necessary to bring to the notice of interested persons, both within the State and outside, the beauty which is contained in this specie. | know many people who have successfully grown a number of species and under cultivation they have done really well. They do not like moist, humid conditions but thrive in the western areas of the State. Possibly the greatest handicap regarding the growing of some of them is the inability to germinate the seed. (Maybe someone has the answer now.) Again, with one particular specie, Eremophila maculata, it has been argued that it is poisonous to stock but | do not think this is so. | have seen them in paddocks where sheep are grazing and, if feed is good, they are untouched. At certain times of the year it may be so, but agzin, | have sezn them eaten right back and no ill effecis. E. maculata is an ideal garden shrub, being very suitable for ground cover and useful as a low hedge. It has a spread of up to six feet and a height of approximately three feet. There is a wide variation of colour in the flowers, which are tubular, pinks, light and dark reds and some almost purple, the throats are spotted with darker colours. One variety which has been on the market a number of years and one which | feel partly belongs to me is the one known as E. maculata forma aurea. This is a bright yellow variety with a clear throat. All the maculatas readily strike from cuttings. Probably the most showy of all is E. latrobei. This, too, is a dry area shrub, of about five feet, very slender, and the flowers of this are fairly large and resemble the bioom of the foxglove. Colours here are cerise and red. Best grown on gravel country. Its native habitat is in ihe Charleville area. Can also be grown from cuttings. One which has, over the years, been hard to establish is E. bowmani. There are two forms of this, one with small, round fleshy, greyish leaves, and one with narrow, grey foliage. Both are very attractive indeed and prefer gravelly country. The round-leaved variety is a small “flattish” shrub whilst and narrow-leaved one tends to stand erect. Both have flowers of blue or light purple and bloom profusely in a good season. As a matter of fact they bloom quite frequently, many times a year, when rain falls. They can be found in the Quilpie area. Also in the Charleville area grows E. gilesi. This is another blue flowered shrub and is similar in habit of growth to the round-leaved E. bowmani. Its leaves are narrow and grey-green, a light, open shrub growing to about two feet. A white, large flowered variety is E. polyclada. This is a most unusual shrub in that the leaves are narrow, short, shiny and very sparse. Most of the bush is made up of fleshy growth and soft spines. Have seen this growing in its natural habitat and the bush can be anything up to 10 feet high and six to eight feet across at ground level. Can also be grown from cuttings or layers. @@@ 13 @@@ Propagation of Eremophila Maculala By M. McALLISTER June, 1964 AUSTRALIAN - PLANTS - PROFAGATION Page 221—Vol. 2 Mature seed from South Australia proved very fertile. The hard, wooden, berry like fruits could have been lying under parent bushes for five or ten years and many showed effects of erosion. In September these were roughly covered with sand and kept damp in the open. Seedlings appeared after six weeks, and being large and succulent, were potted up immediately. Most young plants were quite detached from the berries but by breaking the soil carefully apart | was able to see some with up to three shoots cmerging from each. These usually fell away easily with the soil or if left undisturbed soon detached themseslves and grew alongside the berries. Seedlings grew on very strongly and were ready for planting out in February. When six months old plants in the garden were one foot tall. In a cold frame cuttings of Eremophila maculata aurea rooted well in creek sand after ten weeks. These also grew on strongly in the garden. Propagating Native Plants from Cuttings in the Home Garden by G. H. Mattingley, Blackburn Tree Preservation Society, Victoria Native plants do not all deserve their reputation of being difficult to propagate from cuttings. With the aid of polythene film and a hormone ireatment to stimulate rooting, the commoner species grown in gardens respond readily — provided a few simple rules are observed. The keen gardener will derive a great deal of satisfaction from raising his own plants in this way. Timing is an important factor. For years, it has been accepted that, for best resulis, cuttings should be taken after a flush of growth, i.e. when the wood is partly matured, and February has been regarded as the best time. Cuitings taken then are fairly sure to strike, but they are slow and plants are not ready for planting out in the garden till Spring. Further, some, like Grevilleas, develop a large callus at the base of the cutting that appears to inhibit root formation. Propagators discovered that species such as these gave satisfactory results if softer cuttings taken in November or December were used. Experience has shown that this approach can be applied successfully to a number of other native plants. In fact, cuttings taken at this time strike more rapidly, if a little less surely, and are ready to plant out the following Autumn. The home gardener can afford to sacrifice a high percentage of strikes in favour of quicker results. Materials. Clean, four-inch earthen- ware pots are satisfactory and have the advantage that they provide an 1| easy means of separating different kinds L of cuttings. Each pot will hold an @@@ 14 @@@ Pal{.’,9722‘3~\701.72 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS PROPAGATION June, 1964 average of 8 to 12 cuttings but this depends on their habit e.g. 16 or more Leschenaultias can be packed in as against only 6 stiff-leaved Grevilleas. A suitable medium is made of 3 parts clean, sharp, coarse sand and 1 pari well broken-up peotmoss. It is an cdvantage fo top the pot with aboui Y inch of sand to prevent the peatmoss floating off when watering. A box 127 by 18" by 6" deep will easily hold six 4 inch pots, which should be plunged up to their rims in coarse sand to maintain more even tempercture and moisture conditions. A wire suoport can be made, giving ample headroom for the cuttings, over which polythenz film is spread and tied around the box. Preparation and treatment of cuttings. It is advisable to take cuttings early in the day when the stock plant is turgid, and no time should be losi bafore they are cet out in the frame. | find that the best cuttings are 3-4 inch side shoots of new season’s growth. They may be taken with a heel, but as this is not considered necessary, trim them square across with a charp blade just below a node. Trim off any leaves on the lower pari of the cutting. With harder material, a couple of lengthwise cuts thiough the bark may be made at the base of the cutting. Dip the base of the cuttings, say 's inch, in a solution of indole butyric acid®, o reliable cutting stimulant, for 5 seconds, shake off the surplus and allow to dry. Wet the medium and with a piece of dowel or pencil, make holes about 1'2 inches deep, insert the cuttings and gently tamp the sand arcund each one. Finally, water the pot to settle them in and tie on the polythene cover. The frame should be placed out of the wind and in a position where i receives broken shade. Water the cuttings each day with a fine spray, in the late afternoon for preference. When the cuttings have rooted (3-6 weeks), provide a little ventilation to reduce the humidity and prepare the cuttings for the shock of trans- planting. They are ready when the roots are 1-2 inches long. Potfing. To remove rooted cuttings from the pot, submerge the whole in a bucket of water and when thoroughly wet, gently slide out the contents. Some cuttings float to the surface, others may be found by gentle probing with the fingers. They are more easily seen in a black plastic bucket. A suitable potting mixiure is 3 parts free sandy loam, 1 part coarse sand and 1 part organic matter. This should be well mixed and dampened before use. Immediately after planting in the container (olastic pot or tin), water the ycung plants gently but thoroughly. Haidening-off is a critical stage in the life of the young plant and must be taken slowly. A larger frame is required in a semi-shaded position. Cover newly potted plants with hessian for o few days. The covering is gradually removed, but it will be about 3 or 4 weeks before the young plants can be put out in the open to grow on. Species that have been propogated successfully in the manner des- cribed include:- Grevillea alpina, juniperina, lavandulacea, oleoides, brevicuspis, and several garden hybrids; Leptospermum rotundifclium; Calythix tetragona, alpestris; Baeckia crenatifolia, gunni; Leschenaultia biloba, formosa; Mela- leuca Wilsoni, micromera, pulchella; Thryptomene paynei. Plants of the latter, six inches high and in flower, were planted out in the garden four months after cuttings were taken at the end of December. * 1T.B.A. is obtainable at a strength of 4 grams in 1,000 c.c’s of @ 50". alcohol mixture. This is broken down with equal parts of water as it is too strong for most native species @@@ 15 @@@ June. 1964 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS Sl'IfPLEMEA\’Ti('()MI’()SlTAE ~ Page 223—Vol. 2 THE COMPOSITAE OR DAISY FAMILY By J. H. Willis Assistant Government Botanist, Royal Botanic Gardens. Melbourne GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS No great natural group ol plants is more familiar or easler to recognize enywhere than the Daisy IFamily, including as it does such tamed and useful garden subjects as lettuce, artichoke, dahlia. chrysanthemum, marguerite, sunflower, zinnia and cornflower, also many troublesome weeds like dandelion, flatweed, stinkwort, fleabane, cape-weed, skeleton-veed and the innumerable » RAY Frorsrs FHYLLARIES OR BRACTS OF INVOLUCRE Coti2LANATLE PETALS OF J 7L S e L/(;_U/]TE \)7‘)//:[ ARNS Rt o OF TUBULA FLonREr (BrsExvAL) / > FPAPFUS iy l 7 OF ) BRISTLES OF SCALES CHIEF TYPES OF PitPPUs BRISTLE (APICAL PORTIONS) R “FRUIT™ * ST/IPES OR BEAK SCALES OF & . RNANMIENTATION IN SOaE~ RECEPTACLE KINDS OF HCOHENE AcHENE :'.Rfcc!)rfldf" B D/S/( F/.ozei—fr Db RAY FLORET @@@ 16 @@@ Page 224—Vol. 2 ATISTRALIAN PLANTS SUF'PL@I{Z'NT 7_(7‘01174POSITAE June, 1964 prickly thistles. The so-called “flowers” of these are actually heads containing numerous very small, one-seeded, stalkless flowers or fiorets, closely packed together for maximum fertility and often showing a remarkable division of labour — some arc bisexual, others in the same head male or female, while those at the periphery may be neuter. The central florets are often regularly tubular, contrasting with an outer ring of much enlarged, very flattened fiorets that appear like the radiating petals of a single flower. Because of the “composite” nature of their individual flower-like heads, daisies are placed in the botanical family Compositae, sometimes also called Asteraceae after one of the larger boreal genera, Aster; but heads of small flowers can occur in members of many other families, notably the protea, mimosa, rue, spurge, daphne, myrtle, celery and pincushion groups. r'lower-heads (capitula) of Compositae are almost always surrounded by a protective cluster of modified leaves or bracts, sometimes green and sappy (or even fleshy), sometimes dry, papery and brightly coloured — as in the genera Helichrysum, Helipterum, Schoenia, Ixodia, Waitzia etc. which embrace the “everlastings” and “immortelles.”” The various florets are attached on a cushion- like circular swelling (or receptacle) at the apex of each flowering stem. When examined after the ripe fruits have all fallen, this receptacle is seen to have either a smooth naked surface or one that is uniformly sculptured into shallow pits or deep honeycomb-like cells; sometimes it is also beset with chaffy scales. The typical bisexual flower in Compositae has 5 petals united into a cylindrical, hell-shaped or funnel-shaped tube surmounting the ovary. Sepals are absent, but their place is usually taken by a series of scales, awns, bristles or long silky hairs which constitute the pappus and aid in seed-dispersal by the wind. The 5 anthers, each on an individual filament, are fused at their vertical edges to form a short tube through which the forked style-tip protrudes when fullv mature. The base of each anther-cell mav be prolonged into a slender tail or brush-like appendage. Pollen is shed inwards from the ripe anthers and carried un on the elongating style whence it is distributed by insects to receptive stigmas on the styles of other heads. Thus, the number of seeds produced by a very large head, like sunflower, is truly prodigious. Endless variety obtains in the sculpture and ornamentation of ‘“seeds” (actually the 1-seeded fruits, called achenes) which may be intriguingly beautiful microscopic objects. In general, they are extremely light, having often an apical parachute of plumy hairs or a crown of winged scales (the pappus) and thus heing admirably fitted for wide ard rapid dispersal by air currents. So it is that mountains, deserts and even stretches of ocean are no barriers to migration by many members of the daisy clan., which now occupy every habitable tapering at apex or distinctly beaked: ... .. .. ... S Picris Pappus-bristles simple; achene smooth or vertically rlbbed | EEE G5 O 3. Involucre a single row of nearly equal bracts; achenes cylindrical, tapered at apex: .. .. .. .. .. [ S .. Crepis 4. Involucre conical after flowering, with several rows of closely imbricate bracts; achenes flattened, truncate at apex: .. .. .. Sonchus Cooktown Orchid in Western Australia H. E. Foote, Western Australia | have grown and flowered two plants for 4 years using osmunda fibre in small pots. Kept in a cool glasshouse, the flowers came in April but did not last long with our first cold snap. Last year | placed them outside, sheliered from the rain but in a position where they would get full morning sun. This year they flowered eatlier and lasted longer. As the buds began to develop brought them into the glasshouse in case there was a cold spell. A plant fastened to a tree has not flowered yet. All plants were watered well in the morning of every day in which they could be expecied ‘o dry out by nightfall. They were sprayed monthly with aquascl. DENDROBIUM DICUPHUM F. Muell Fragm. 8:28 (1872). A species with obvious offinities with D. bigibbum Lindl. Pseudobulbs stcuter than those of the latter species, 80-450 x 1.2-2.5 c¢m, often deciduous, usually covered with scarious sheaths (leaf bases), furrowed and ridged when aged. Leaves 6-10, 8-18 x 0.8-3.0 cm, narrow-triangula- or narrow-ovate, sheathing, acute. Racemes usually terminal but sometimes also 1 or 2 from the upper nodes, 20-50 cm. long, containing from a few to about 20 flowers. Flowers widely expanding, 2.5-5.0 ¢cm. diameter, white or very pale green outside and cream inside with deep maroon markings on the base and lateral lobes of the labellum. Dorsal sepal 12-20 x 4-7 mm., obiong or @@@ 31 @@@ ~June, 1964 7 o AUS?RALIAIYiP‘LANTS—ORCH!DACEAE Page 239—Vol. 2 A. Portion of plant . . . to one half indicated scale. B. Flower f{rom the side p to scale. C. Flower from the front . . . to scale. D. Labellum from the side . . . to scale x 2. E. Labellum flattened out . . . to scale x 2. F. Column from the side . . . to scale x 5. G. Column from the front . . . to scale x 5. H. Anther from above . . . to scale x 10. I. Anther from the side . . . to scale x 10. K. Pollinium from the side . . . to scale x 10, I,. Pollinia from the front . . . to scale x 10. narrow ovate, shortly acute. Lateral sepals subsimilar to the dorsal one but joined at their bases to form, with the column foot, a double spur. Petals about 12-20 x 10-15 mm., obovate. Labellum, when artificiaily flattened cut, about 12-20 x 9-13 mm; lateral lobes erect and incurved, about 3-5 @@@ 32 @@@ Page 240—Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS- ORCHIDACEAE June, 1954 x 5-8 mm, obliquely triangular, very obtuse (rounded), basal sections of veins somewhat crested, when flattened, these lobes are divaricate, their front margins making a line of about 180 degrees, one with the other, so that the labellum is more or less hastate when viewed towards the base; mid-lobe decurved, 7-11 x 3.5-5.0 mm., oblong, acute or becoming acutz; ridges of the disc g, fringed or crested in their apical halves. Column 3-4 x 3-4 mm. with a robust foot (spur) 4-5mm. long, not longitudinally grooved below the stigma. Stigma = broad scutiform. Anther with a short, broad, deflexed, hirsute rostrum. Pollinia more or less typical of those of the genus. DISTRIBUTION:- The northern part of Northern Territory, exiending to Groote Eylandt. There are unconfirmed reports of its occurrence around the Gulf of Carpentaria into Cape York Peninsula. FLOWERING PERIOD:- Usually April to August. In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 72:241 (1948), Rupp and Hunt described va:. Grandiflorum as being pure white and having flowers as large again as the type form. However, they quoted the type form as having flowers only 2.5 cm. across, whereas, in fact, flowers are frequently encountered much larger than this. THE FLORAL EMBLEM OF QUEENSLAND-THE COOKTOWN ORCHID Our No. 15 issue described this beautiful Australian orchid Dendrobium bigibbum, at some length and featured a front page full colour plate of a typical flower. This issue features another flower form in full colour on the rear cover. Our No. 17 issue described D. superbiens a very closely related species and this issue describes D. dicuphum. The forms of D. bigibbum appear very numerous and mingle with these two species. It is intended to classify these various forms in the No. 21 issue if possible and for this any information or colour slides that will assist would be appreciated. Dendrotium dicuphum differs from D. bigibbum in having shorter, stouter (forma compactum excepted) and more fusiforme stems, smaller flowers which have narrower segments, and a column which is not longitudinally grooved below the stigma. LenzZrobium saperbiens is readily distinguished from [r. bigibbun Lindl. Dy lLaving stems which are more robust, leaves which are thicker in texture, segments of the flower also thicker in texture, petals which are narrower and usually twisted, only a single instead of a double spur. It differs from D. dicuphum in having longer and less fusiform stems, larger and decper-coloured flowers, petals which are usually twisted and a single instead of double spur, and having a longitudinal groove below the stigma. MIST PROPAGATION No. 17 issue contained an article giving the advantages of cutting propagation under a fine rist. A nuwneber of readers have requested further details. The sprays | have seen are marketed as type A, B and C Fog Mist Nozzles by George Warner (associated with Lanes). They deliver 6, 18 and 42 gallons of water per hour over an area of 7', 12 and 18’ in diameter respect. Type A screws onto a ':” gas B.S.P. thread and retails at 28/6. Because of the area and amount of water used they appear to be of value only to commercial nurserymen. If a reader knows of a spray using much less water and will serve only a small propagating box, I shall be pleased to hear further details. There is available for &7 an automatic control unit to automatically adjust the frequency of misting to achieve certain conditions. These may be of value to a commercial installation but have not proved necessary in the propagating box as described in the article. There has been a lot of work done and reports published, all dealing with elaborate usually experimental glasshouses bul our interest here is the application of the system i a very small box with a minimum of equipment—Editor. STURT'S DESERT PEA fhe R.H.S. Dictionary of Gardening states that in Europe the Sturt Desert Pea — Clianthus Formosus (Syn. C. Dampieri €. Speciosus) is very diflicult to cultivate successfully or even keep alive for any length of time on its own roots, but it has been found that if grafted as a seedling in the cotyledonary state on a similar seedling of Colutea arborescens, it grows and blossoms much more frecly and lives longer. Tt is admirable for hanging baskets. _ The Victorian president, Geoff Echberg, 22 Middleton Street, Highett, is importing seed of Colutea arborescens and would be pleased to supply sced to any members wishing to cxperiment with grafts. @@@ 33 @@@ June, 1964 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—COMPOSITAE Page 241-—-Vol. 2 SHOWY SPECIES OF THE DAISY FAMILY—Continued from page 211. Bellida graminea — Spreading annual up to 6”. Flowers 12" diameter, pink. 2 bunches of pink hairs (pappus) standing up on top of the seed for the composite head. Bracts or ray are lacking. Up to 12 flower heads per plant. Brachycome latisquamea — Scandent shrub growing in low Acacias up to 4', supporting itself on branches of the wattle. Flowers 2" to 2% in diameter. Mauve ray and golden centre. In saltbush country south of Carnarvon. Calocephalus multiflorus — Herb 127-18” high. Flowers in yellow balls %" diameter with small green bracts showing. Rich red ironstone loam, Port Hedland, Wittenoom. Calacephalus francisii — Spreading annual 6 high and up to 8” in diameter. The 20-30 vyellow globular flower heads completely cover the foliage. In sand on Murchison River. Helichrysum roseum — Slender, upright annual 10-12” high. Flowers 1%2" diameter, bracts rich pink. In salmon and York Gum country. Helipterum cirratum — Trailing herb 18" diameter and to 6" high. Flowers white bracts, golden centre. Up to 100 flowers per plant. Helipterum roseum — Upright branching annual to 18" high. Flowers to 2”. Bracts pink or white. Grows in huge colonies. Helipterum manglesii — Erect annual to 2’ growing in dense colonies. Flowers 1%2"” diameter. Silvery outer bracts merge into rich pink ones. Flower buds are hanging; when opening rise and face the sun. Leaves heart-shaped, stem clasping. In wheatbelt and mulga. Helipterum splendidum — Erect annual branching from ground; up to 2" high. Flowers to 3" diameter. The white, yellowish or creamy tinged bracts have a black spot at the base. Up to 12 heads per plant. In mulga country. Myrocephalus guerinae — Erect herb to 18" high. Flower heads round, 1%2"” diameter, Rich yellow. No ray florets. Mulga country south of Carnarvon. Olearia muelleri — Shrub to 3’, branching, crowded with white ray flowers 1%2" diameter. Leaves dark green and glaucous underneath. Salmor. Gum-York Gum country. Podolepis aristata — Herb 18" high branching from base; also secondary branching. Flower heads 1" diameter; bright yellow, surrounded by silvery, papery bracts. Occurring in huge colonies. York Gum country. Podolepis auriculata — Erect herb 18" high. Flower heads golden yellow, 1% diameter, surrounded by creamy, hairy bracts. On red sand dunes, Carnarvon. Podolepis lessonii — Herb 9-12" high much branching from the base. Flower stems wiry, brown, up to 30 flowers per plant. Flowers 1%2" diameter, yellow buttons surrounded by white woolly bracts. York Gum country. Schoenia cassiniana — Branching annual 12-24" high. Branching from base and secondary branching. Flowers 1 diameter with up to 10 rich pink “ray flowers” per head; a multitude of flowers per plant. Growing in huge colonies. In wheatbelt and mulga country. Waitzia acuminata — Much branching annual up to 18" high. Flower heads conical %" diameter and up to 1” long. The bracts are pointed; rich orange on the outside merging to rich gold inwards. The number of flower heads per plant varies from 20 to well over 100. Waitzia podolepis — Erect herb to 12”. Flower heads yellow, 1” ciameter surrounded by pink or white bracts. Murchison River. @@@ 34 @@@ Page 242—Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN FLANTS - NURSERYMEN June, 1964 YOUR GUIDE TO NATIVE PLANT NURSERYMEN Abel, J. L.—P.O. Bex 26, Nowra. Native plants from 2/6. Freight and pack. extra, Althofer. G. W.—Nindethana Nursery, Box 5, Dripstons, N.SW. Very wide range. Amaroo Nursery—86 Lang Street Padstow. One of the widest ranges of natives. Belbra Nursery—Box 12, Hall’'s Gap, Vic. W. and R. . Stanton. The home of the Thryptomene. Beddy’s Eastern Park Nursery—32 Denman $t., Goelong, Victoria. 3 000 varieties. Clearview Nursery, W. Cane, Box 19 Maffra, Victoria. Specialist in developed plants. Dargan Hill Nursery—18-24 Alimar Road Glen Waverley, Victoria Native trees and shrubs. Denovan’s Nursery—188 Marco Ave., Panania, Sydney, N.S.W. At nursery only. Echberg’s, G. A. & K. M., Nursery—Braeside, Highett & Moorabbin, Victoria. Greenbriar Drive-in Nursery—55 Britnells Rd., Briar Hill, Victoria. large & varied selection native plants, Mcleod, F. C. J.—Warrien Rd., Croydon, Victoria—Quality Plants. Narrabeen Nursery, 1444 Pittwater Rd., Narrabesn Nth., N.SW. Plants for coast. Parry, P. J.—'Floralands’, Kariong vias Gosford, N.SSW. A wide range. Postal orders taken. Tinderbox Nursery, Tinderbox Blackmans Bay, Tasmania. Tullamarine Plant Farm, 8 Sharp’'s Road, Tullamarine Vic.—Open weekends. Willunga Nursery—21 Nelson Street, Thornleigh, N.S.W. From 2/6. Mail orders accepted. Wildflower Garden, Addison, Avenue, Athelstone, S.A. Wyalandra Nursery—47 Jacana Grove, Heathcote. Wildflowers of Heathcote area. BELBRA NURSERY NARRABEEN NURSERY In the Heart of the Grampians 74 AUSTRALIAN NATIVES LARGE RANGE OF 1444 Pittwater Rd., Narrabeen AUSTRALIAN NATIVES Nth.,, N.SSW. — XX 2604 OPEN EVERY DAY Specialist in plants for sea coast. Inquiries: Box 12, HALL'S GAP NATIVE PLANTS — TULLAMARINE PLANT FARM 8§ Skarps Road, Tullamarine USUAL & UNUSUAL Phono: 307893 1 mile north of Melbourne Airport F'. C. J. McLEOD Open Weekends, Closed Mondays Wildflower Nursery — SHRUBS, TREES, PERENNIALS — WARRIEN ROAD, CROYDON, VIC. Native & exotic, popular & rare More than 300 Species . . . Native and exotic trees and shrubs available from Forestry Commision nurseries at Pennant Hills, Dubbo, Forbes, and Narrandera, N.S.W. For free catalogue giving complete details and prices of species contact: FORESTRY COMMISSION OF N.S.W. 44 Margaret Street, Sydney. Telephone: B 0236 @@@ 35 @@@ June, 1964 A~1l'AS'fl'71'\‘;f\I‘IA‘V FLANTS—NURSERYMEN B Page 243—Vol. 2 F. €. PAYNE WILDFLOWER GARDEN Addison Ave., Athelstone, S.A. Manaver: II. R, Holliday Telephone: 371825 AUSTRALIAN AND SOUTIH AFRICAN PLANTS See mature specimens and plants you buy. Open Every Day [~ No Mail Orders DAR_GAN Hch;lL Nvl\;'RSFRYV, Greenbriar Drive-in Nursery 162g plivur Rdolo VimeeDw, Wi AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Most Available Now in Plastic PE:)s. Large and Varied Selection. CATALOGUE GUIDE 3/- POST BRITNELLS RD., BRIAR HILL, VIC ALL EASTERN STATES SUPPLIED Va milas beyond Greensbo;ough. Telephone 560-8145 h 43-1468. O Weekend (Nursery Closed Sunday and Monday) Phone = - Open Weekends S [ — e s ) ; PRESERVATION BY CULTIVATION FTHLORALANDS KARIONG, via GOSFORD, N.S.W. A large variety of the most popular native plants at nursery PHONE: Gosford 21142 P. J. PARRY \ e e - = WYALANDRA NURSERY King’s Park and Botanic 47 JACANA GROVE, HEATHCOTE Garden, Perth, W.A. 1963 Seed List now published (844 species listed) 1/6 post free Wildflowers of the Heathcote area In stock: Species of Boronia and Seed — 3/- per packet Eriostemon Wholesale rates on application. AMAROO NURSERY — UU 7342 AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS i Lang St., Padstow, N.S.W. 3,000 varieties 86 Laig’ SE. Tadstiy Grown in the Open — Plants dispatched 160 varieties of native plants. Many to all States displayed in a garden setting. Catalogue and Planting Guide 4/- Eucalyptus, Banksia, Dryandra, Hakea, Boddy’s Eastern Park Nursery Acacia, Hibiscus, Leschenaultia, Paws. 32 Denman St., Geelong, Victoria available at Nursery Send stamped envelope for list. Tel.: 2598 ) WILLUNGA NURSERY DENOVAN'S NURSERY Native Trees and Shrubs Good Range of Native Plants § 21 NELSON ST., THORNLEIGH Closed most Safurdays 188 Marco Avenue, Panania, N.S.W. PHONE 84-3709 Specialists in plants for clay areas. T I H A A T TR R RIS E I e G. A. & K. M. ECHBERG'S HURSERY FLOWER POTS lewer Dandonong Road . . J Colourful Plastic Flower Pnts Braeside. Tele.: 91-9438 and Bulb Bowls will Increase Yy mile west of Springvale Road Your Sales of Plants. Write for P List from Manufacturer or Ring LA 4089. TH:Z HOME OF UNUSUAL PLANTS Alha Engineering -~ 20 ROVM'EY ST, CAMPERDOWN, NS W. NATIVC AND EXOT'C BOX 32 P.O. LA 4039 @@@ 36 @@@ Page 244—\7701.7 2 i AUSTRALIAN PLANTS - PROTEACEAE June, 1954 BUCKlNGHAMlA CELSISSIMA by R. J. Peach In some parts of Australia referred to as “lvory Curl Flower” but in its home State of Queensland is generally called by its botanical name “Buckinghamia.” The genus is limited to this one species whose natural kabitat is the tropical rain-forest of North Queensland where it con attain a height of sixty feet or more. Like many another Queensland rain forest tree, Buckinghamia appears adaptable to a wide range of conditions. It has been planted as a street tree in Brisbane and grown in gardens cs far south as Melbourne, doing well on different soil types under varying climatic conditions. In gardens it seldom reaches its rain forest height and twenty-five to thirty feet would be o probable average. In the initial stages growth from seedling stage can be fairly rapid and for several vears the plant can have the appearance of a dense tall shrub with flowers and foliage reaching to ground level. The natural growth habit is such that little, if any pruning need be done to obtain a well shaped specimen. Pruning of course can be done after flowering to reduce height and keep the plant from becoming too large. Flowering generally begins in the fifth or sixth year and for a four to six weeks period in January and February well grown specimens can be a creamy white mass of flowers carried in dense cylindrical sprays eight to nine inches long. The sprays are frequently so densely crowded over the tree that the attractive evergreen foliage is almost hidden. It is without doubt one of the showiest of our native trees. Propagation by seed often results in plants that show considerable variation particularly with regard to the foliage. One of the forms produced has leaves which hang on the plant like long twisted green ribbons and this form has distinct possibilities as an indoor plant or as a bonsai subject. Propa- aation by seed is quite simple. Provided that the seed is sown shortly after collection a high percentage germination can be expected. BOOK REVIEW QUEENSLAND GARDEN — Price 2 - at newsagents. The monthly publication of this new general gardening magazine is of tremendous importance to all home gardeners in Australia, north of Grafton in N.SW. Produced on very good quality paper in 34 large pages with full colour production on the front page (the colour plate on the rear cover of this journal is reproduccd frony the February issue of Queensland Garden) and with fully illustrated and clear text, the magazine is a commercial product of the highest standard. What is more important is that the many articles included are well written ty ctvicrsly ccmpetent writers as well as garderers. For years there has been a demand for a magazine catering for tropical and sub- tropical conditions—one that will help amateur and experienced carden lovers alike. With this accent articles on the exotic flowering plants, the vegetable garden. indoor plants, orchids, native plants and general gardening procedures will appeal to all northern gardeners who have for so long, been neglected. OUR PUBLICATIONS . . . AVAILABLE FROM EDITOR BY MAIL ONLY THE LANGUAGE OF BOTANY New Price 4/- This excellenf work of 64 pages turned out a much larger book than we at first expected. The price of 4/- is very near cost price. Beautifully printed on art paper, it defines thousands of botanical technical terms for reference by the amateur or student botanist. Originally intended for our laymen readers, it is now being accepted as a reference book for University Students. AUSTRALIAN PLANTS Bound Volume 1 This beautiful gold- Ie"ered hard-:overed bound book :ontammg all issues 1-12 of Volume 1 of this publication, plus the publication The Language of Botany, is available at £3, plus 2/- postage. With 350 pages, 75 line sketches and 45 full colour plates, it is exceptional value. It will be permanently out of print and become very valuable when stocks are sold. AUSTRALIAN PLANTS § F ¥ . . . . . . Past lssues Copies of past issues 1-8 are available as individual copies at 4/- plus 5d postage. Issues 9, 10, 11 and 12 are permanently out of print. Issues No. 13 onward are 3/-, plus 5d postage. FOLDER FOR BINDING YOUR COPIES OF AUSTRALIAN PLANTS . . Priced 12'- incl. postage You will need a folder to bind vour copies of Australian Plants. Produced in gold-lettered green plastic-covered stiff board with easily removed but concealed strong fixing screws, it resembles a bound book on your bockshelf. It is exceptional value at this cost price. You may need two—one for Volume 1 and one for the present Volume 2 @@@ 37 @@@ Jrne o 16 ASTRAIAN PLANTS PROTEACKAE Page 245 Vol. 2 BUCKINGHAMIA by H. O. Odkman Buckinghamia celsissima is fast becoming one of the most popular cf sub-tropical street trces. It has many excellent characteristics which help to make it an ideal choice for planting under the almost invariably harsh growing conditicns associated with streets. The Buckinghamia has no common name, although it is occasionally referred to as the “ivory Curl Flower” — a name that no-one seems to use. The trec is an cvergreen, fast-growing while young, slowing down when mature but without loss of vigour. At maturity, growth appears to go into leat ana flower production rather than into branching or extension upwards. Under forest conditions Buckinghamias attain a height of 70-80 ~—a I - Dizeder By R o Peaen fi. bui when planted in the open the average height of a matured tree is from 18-24 ft, with dense, fairly low branching and a symmetrical globular outline. The leaves can lead to difficulties in identification. They are most variable, deep green, sometimes silvery underneath, prominently veined, entire or deeply incised with from 3 to 5 lobes. @@@ 38 @@@ Page 246--Vol. 2 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS PROTEACEAE June, 1964 Flowers are often produced in abundance on trees only 3 years old. These flowers are of typical proteaceous structure, are perfumed and horey- laden and resemble the Queensland Nut inflorescence. They could be des- cribed as cream coloured Buddlea flowers and are produced in dense masses that almost completely cover the trees for up to 4 weeks from January to February. The flower racemes are from 4-8” long and are followed by numerous follicles which are slightly flattened, about 2 in size and contain from 1-4 flat papery seeds with narrow winged margins. As a rule seed is plentiful and remains viable for a long time. It is almost certain that all street trees have been raised from seeds. Variation is not significant in the trees themselves in spite of the great difference in leaves. Growth is fairly uniform and so is the quantity of blooms and the flowering period, so that asexual propagation is not as important as it is with such variable trees as the Erythrinas when raised from seed. The Buckinghamia prefers good soil but grows surprisingly well in places where there is only shale, heavy clay or coarse sand. It prefers a sunny location but is shade-tolerant and it can also stand exposure to wind providing that this is net too severe or salt-laden. Lopping is seldom necessary, pruning being generally limited to shaping the trees about once a year. As a rule it is pest free but at times scale insects can be troublesome, more particularly when trees are in poor health. Buckinghamia celsissima is endemic to Queensland and there is only one species. Occasionally it is mistaken for Grevillea hilliana, which it somewhat resembles in habit, foliage and flowers. ‘ YOUR GUIDE TO NATIVE PLANT SEEDSMEN Nindethana, Box 5, Dripstone, N.S W. For all Native Seed. Packets, ounce or pound lots Free list on application. Special supplies of West Australian Seed. ’ Australian Seed Co., Robertson, N.S.W. Bulk or packet lots. Stamped envelope brings lists. Western Wildlife Supply, Gilgandra, N.S.W.—Bulk supplies of natives and exotic tree and shrub