'Australian Plants' Vol.5 No.38 March 1969

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PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS IN 11,000 COPIES

Registered at G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission MARCH, 1969 Volume 5, No. 38
by post as a periodical. Volume 5 will comprise 1ssues 37-44
Price: 30c

Block by courtesy of John Sands Fty. Ltd

STURT'S DESERT PEA
WILDFLOWERS THAT REQUIRE LITTLE WATERING



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Page 50—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN FLANTS—THIS ISSUE March. 1969

HOW TO GROW STURT PEA

by F. N. Hall

A well grown Sturt Pea in full flower is a traffic stopper anywhere,
and is worth the effort to grow it in the garden or a large container.

Time to plant. In the wetter areas or where frosts are severe. Sow
September to early December. In areas where winters are mild and fairly
dry, autumn sowings can be made for spring flowers.

Soil preparation. Dig over soil in usual manner. If soil has not been
previously used, up to 1 oz. of superphosphate may be used to advantage.

Soil. Most <oils are satisfactory, sandy loams, clay loams and sand.
The important thing is for the soil to be deep and without obstruction to
allow the tap roots to go clown. Another important point is drainage which
must be good, so no soggy soils.

Seed & Treatment. Seed is available commercially and is no problem
to obtain. As the seed has a hard testa or coat it is necessary to assist
nature to allow water to reach the seed. There are several ways of doing
this—(a) By rubbing the seed lightly between two sheets of sandpaper or
emery cloth to break the touah outer coat. Warning: Don’t rub too hard
or long or there won’t be any seed left; (b) By nicking the seed with a
razor or filing with a file. File or nick on the edge away from the “eye” of
the seed; (c) By soaking in hot water.

Sowing. Sow in groups of 3 or 4 seeds at intervals of 18 in. or in
rows 1 ft. to 1 ft. 6 in. apart. Plants can be thinned out later if over-crowding
takes place. These methods will make a dense mat of plants. Germination
takes place in 7 to 10 days. Sturt Peas should be planted where they
are to orow as they resent moving. Sow in a sunny situation.

Watering. The soil should be just mcist under the surface. Watering
can be by sprinkler, but if leaf scorch occurs, water should be applied in
furrows in the scil a short distance from the plant. Do not overwater as once
the plants are established with their long tap roots, they require moisture
only at depth. If they are overwatered cor the ground becomes waterlogged,
it is usually fatal as stem rot takes place at ground level.

To grow in a container, drum, etc., follow the preczding but be sure to:
1. Put in plenty of crocks for drainage; 2. Have a reasonably rich soil;
3. Have an open soil for drainage; 4. Mulch the surface to ccaserve moisture;
5. Grow in a sunny situation.

CONTENTS OF THIS ISSUE

In keeping with our policy of providing reliable information on the cultivation of
wildflowers, this issue is devoted principally to those who wish to establish wildflower gardens
that require a minimum of maintenance. The main articles ‘“‘Gardening in Low Rainfall Areas”
and ‘“Home Landscape in the Country’ clearly indicate their intent but the conditions that
they meet clearly apply to most gardens throughout Australia that are not located in very
wet climates and from which artificial water is withheld. The initial idea for this theme
arose following reports of distress from home gardeners in drought affected areas, including
our large cities.

On this continent we will have to beautify our environment without the use of copious
artificial watering so why not learn to do this with plants that have survived the rigours
of our climate for centuries.

A number of series form articles have been suspended for this issue such as Street
Tree, Epacridaceae—The Heath Plants, etc., but our series on native orchids is continued for
the orchids Pterostylis on page 60.



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN FLANTS—LILIACEAE Page 51—Vol. 5

CLILIES?  IRIS?

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN PLANTS WTH FLESHY OR BULBOUS ROOTSTOCK
(EXCLUDING ORCHIDS)

by T. R. N. Lothian, Director, Botanic Garden, Adelaide, South Australia

Although we normally associate a bulbous or fleshy rootstock with
the plant families Iridaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae, there are other
groups which also have this characteristic. These notes cover the principal
genera and species.

In addition there are numerous examples of herbaceous plants either
with or without persisting foliage which possess sub-woody rhizomes or
similar rootstocks. Plants included in this group have been mentioned briefly.
Anacampseros australiana (Portulacaceae)

A large South African genus of approximately 50 species, with one
Australian representative. This' plant is a low growing succulent under-shrub,
with short stems arising from a thick fleshy tuberous rootstock which is up
to 3" long and 1” in diameter. Numerous buds are found at the apex. The
stems are between 2-6” high, usually with thick ovate-lanceolate leaves
crowded at their avices. The succulent leaves are 1-1%2” long, 4" wide,
glossy or slightly hairy, green or greenish red in colour. The flowers are
borne on long bracteate stems 4-6" high. The sepals are fleshy, enclosing
5 pink petals about '%2” long.

Usually prooagated bv seed it can also be readily increased by stem
cuttings. It grows readily in coarse well drained soils or in a rockery. The
tuber shou'd be placed horizontally 2-3” deep, preferably alongside a
large rock (simulating the natural habitat).

Originally found in the Flinders Ranges on rocky slopes, it has more
recently been located by the cuthor on open gibber plains in association
with Atriolex, Bassia, and similar plants. It is fairly common, with the
rootstock under gibbers a few miles south of Woomera and also north of
Pimba towards Lake Hart.

ANGUILLARIA DIOCIA (Liliaceae)

An interesting small bulbous olant usually arowing between 3-6" or
even 9 high with a terminal soike of flowers. A. diocia is widespread, there
are two other soecies in this genus.

Two or three long stem clasping areen leaves are usually present. The
flowers are either polygamous dioecious, star-shaped usually sessile and
number between 2-6. There is variation in the colour. Usually white with a
dark purole or almost black blotch about the middle of the petal, colour
variants of cream, pale yellow or even pale pink, with or without the blotches
are common especially in the drier parts of this (South Australia) state.

The white flowered form inhabits savannah country with light-canopy and
is found in a variety of soils and habitats. In the arid areas, the yellow
and cream forms can be seen in open country preferring sandy soils in
which the bulbs are un to 6-9” deep. The pink flowered forms are usually
on rockv areas associated with hills or ranges. One of the most spectacular
was seen at Mt. Olga. It arows in colonies which often number several
dozens.

A liaht sandy soil aopears ideal and it also thrives in pockets in the
rock garden. Propagated from seed.

i This article is continued on page no. 74 describing the species in alphabetical order
The author concludes the article by describing a miscellaneous collection of plants that do not
have fleshy rootstock but the roots are usually persistent. They are also Liliaceae and as

they are of considerable horticultural value (and for economic reasons the colour plates
must appear on the next few pages), they are described on the next page and on page 56



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Page 52—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN FLANTS—LILIACEAE March, 1969

FRINGED VIOLETS

by T. R. N. LOTHIAN, Director, Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, South Australia

These species really come under the Miscellaneous group of plants that was to conclude
the article on the previous page ‘‘South Australian Plants with Fleshy or Bulbous Rootstock”
They do not have fleshy rootstock but the fibrous rootstock is usually persistant

THYSANOTUS “‘Fringed Lily”’, "“Fringed Violet’’ (Liliaceac)

This genus numberina nearly two cozen species one or two of which
extend well north of Australia into China and the Philippines contain some
of the most beautiful of our native bulbous plants. Species are usually
herbaceous with tuberous roots which are frequently distant from the
central rootstock, to which they are attached by fibrous roots. Leaves radical,
glabrous, linear or filiform often deciduating before flowering is completed.
The flowers have six seaments, the inner three are frinaed. The colour
of the perianth segments is usually blue or even purple, but may be lilac
or rarely white in colour.

Thysanotus baveri. Tubers are away from the rootstock. Leaves are
shorter than the flowering stem, narrow, linear, withering early leaving white
thin bracts (this gives the appearance of a leafless flowering plant). Stem
usually erect, short 6-12 high, often stout, branched in the upper quarter.
The flowers are lilac in colour, 2-5 in umbels along the branchlets, 3% in
diameter.

T. dichotomus. Rootstock thick, horizontal and appears as a line of
united corms. Leaves short, deciduating early. The flowering stems are up
to 2 ft. high, rigid, frequently channelled, often zigzag in growth, glabrous,
frequently with dichotomous branching from the lower part of the stem.
Flowers in umbels, dark purple, one to two in number about a 2" in diameter.

T. exasperatus. Tubers clistinct from the central rootstock. Leaves up to
15" long, narrow, linear, glabrous. The flowering stem is of equal length
or slightly shorter, erect and branched in the upper third, the lower part
usually densely covered with minute wart-like growths. The flowers are one to
four in number at the apices of the branches and about 3" in diameter.

T. opatersoni. A beautiful climbing plant often 4-6 ft. high, scrambling
over shrubs. Rootstock tuberous, oblong and close to the stem. Stems are
twining, slender, and branching. Basal leaves are filiform and disappear very
quickly, those on the climbing stems are bract-like. The flowers are solitary
at the end of branchlets or 2 or 3 at the ends of short lateral branchlets
and each about %" in diameter.

T. tenellus. This is not known in the field, but has a short stem like
T. baveri and the inner perianth segments are narrow and scarcely fringed.

T. tuberosus. This is very similar to T. dichotomus. The principal differences
are the tuberous rootstock and it is slightly smaller in height.

The fruit of all species is a more or less globular caosule with black
seeds with a coloured (often crange) fleshy outgrowth, (caruncle). Seeds
are usually freely produced and germinate readily when fresh.

Except for T. baueri and T. tenellus which grow in more open sites
and usually low rainfall regions, all the above species are native to savannah
or open woodland in partial shade. They thrive in medium textured soils.



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/TS—LILIACEAF Page 53—Vol

March, 1969 . AUSTRALIAN

Colour photography by Frank Hurley Blocks by courtesy of John Sands Pty. Lid

THYSANOTUS TUBEROSUS



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Page 54—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—CULTIVATION March, 1969

GARDENING IN THE LOW RAINFALL REGIONS

by T. R. N. LOTHIAN, Director, Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, South Australia

Because of our better understanding of the factors which influence
the growth of the plants—water, aspect, site, salt, climate, soil and plant
foods, the establishment of a garden in the low rainfall areas is no longer
a bogey it used to be. Not so very long ago, if the question was asked,
“What will grow in the under 20" rainfall region” the answer was
“Ncthing—there is no water available!”

With the advent of “Australian Plants” and also the “Society for
Growing Australian Plants” together with the numerous widespread plantings
which have been carried out by various authorities in low rainfall regions,
water need be the least of our worries. However, there are a number of
principles which need attention and these will be discussed below.

The pesitioning of a home in the rural and agricultural areas is usually
decided upon the closeness to a roadway, the availability of services such
as telephone and electricity and also the lay of the land in relation to
aspect, ease of erecting farm buildings and all the other items which the
owner will need to successfully farm the area. The establishment of a
garden comes later, but if consideration can be given to this when siting
the hcuse, so much the better.

Such homes because of their distances from government water are still
often dependent on either supplies from a bore or a dam, although now
more and more trunk mains are appearing through the countryside. However,
for the purpose of this article regard is paid to natural rainfall only and
if spare water is available in the summer, so much the better. In the arid
regions where rainfall does not exceed 12-14" annually, then consicerable
care and thought must be paid to the selection of the plants used. These
notes refer principally to rainfall regions between 15-18".

GENERAL LAYOUT OF GARDEN

In establishing a rural garden, emphasis would be placed on shelter
and displays with the minimum of work, maintenance and consideration to
water supplies. Consequently hardy plants whether they be trees, shrubs
or other material will be the basis of the selection.

Shelter is always of paramount importance, not only for sheltering
the house, but to provide more congenial conditions in which to establish
a garden. If the site is already denuded and bare, then this is the first
matter to be resolved, but if cne is building in a woody area, do not make
the fatal mistake of clearing away everything and then trying to replant
with material which is often unsuvited to the locality, no matter how much
you may like the particular plant.

Those of us who have formed gardens in a new suburban sub-division
know from experience many plants fail during the first few years. Later
when some greenery has grown in the neighbourhood better shelter is
present and now many of those failures will grow freely. This lesson must
be understood wherever a garden is to be established.

Shelter should be produced from local trees if possible or if they
are not suitable or available then species which grow in similar conditions.
Today a very wide range of species is available for the low rainfall regions.

Numerous soecies are available of Eucalypts, Acacias or Wattles, Sheoaks
(Casuarina), Wilga (Geijera), Native Pines (Callitris), Tea Trees (both
Melaleucas and Leptospermums), Sugar Woods (Myoporum), Apple Myrtle



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—CULTIVATION Page 55—Vol. 5

(Angophora) and the like. Whilst high shelter is always desired, it must be
remembered that in low rainfall regions tall trees are the exception rather
than the rule. This shelter may be achieved by a single or even double row
planting. However, a bank one to two chains thick should be the desired
object, for anvthing smaller will not be effective. In setting uo such a shelter,
small and hardy material should be used for the outside row. The succeeding
row can be of taller growing species and thus a thick bank will be formed.
Remember also that shelter needs to be established at right angles to the
prevailing winds, not necessarily parallel to the walls of the house.

Make sure that these shelter belts are planted well away from the
home. All too often and in later years, congestion is present merely because
insufficient thought has been given to the various items, e.g. buildings, garages,
drying areas, lawns etc. which are required and are adjoining the house.

During the past few years, several excellent books on landscape design
and on designing farm gardens have appeared. It is not proposed to discuss
this matter in detail except to mention a few of the obvious points. The
positioning of pathways and roadways should be decided before anything
else is done. These are the main access routes to the house and surrounding
it. Decisions regarding the sweeping drive, circular, direct, and placed to
one side of the house should be made. Views, not necessarily only aesthetic
views, but where vision lines are necessary to view the roadway, front gate,
farm building and other places should be preserved. Unless these are selected,
thoughtless plantings could obscure them.

Wherever possible, an area of lawn should be included in any design.
Whilst this presupposes that some water will be available, there are
grasses and other plants which can be used and which will survive on
fairly heavily mineralised water. Also this means that an area adjoining
the house will at least be free from surface dust and with garden plantings
of trees and other greenery, a pleasant area can be developed.

SITE PREPARATION

In preparing the site for various plantings, some thought should be
given, otherwise unnecessary harm as well as work will be caused. On light
soils where existing vegetation has been removed or the area was bare to
commence with, the less the soil is disturbed the better. Cultivation will also
pulverize the area with consequent dust—a major problem. This however, does
not mean that the planting sites are not prepared. At present we are dealing
with the garden area as a whole.

Where soils are heavy, then some form of cultivation is most useful,
but before it is done, try to obtain any kind of organic matter and spread
this over the surface. There is very little of the bush or scrub trash which
is harmful and organic matter in any form is the best way to improve
the soil texture. Sand is sometimes used, but this is of a temporary nature
only because it will gradually work down to the lower levels, thus it does
not permanently improve its texture.

One of the most difficult sites is where a shallow depth of soil is present
overlaying rock or very dense clay. Under these circumstances, it is permissible
to increase the depth by bringing in soil from elsewhere. However,
avoid building up beds which are much higher than the surrounding area.
It is true that this gives greater depth of soil, but unless water is available
in quantity, the greater part of these built up beds will remain dry and of
no use to the roots of the plants.

(Continued on page no. 80)



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age 56—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LILIACEAE AND ALLIES . March, 1969

LILY AND IRIS TYPE WILDFLOWERS

This is the last section of the article, “South Australian Plants with Fleshy or Bulbous
Rootstock’™ by T. R. N. Lothian, Director, Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, South Australia

There are a number of plants native to South Australia, members of
Liliaceae and related families which do not have a fleshy rootstock but
of which mention should be made. The rootstock are either woody or
fibrous and the growths are usually persistent. Many make most attractive
garden plants and these are briefly described hereunder.

CALECTASIA “Blue Tinsel Lily”

Calectasia cyanea is a woody perennial up to 15” high with crowded
erect almost pungent and very short leaves. Flowers are star shaped, blue or
purple with a metallic sheen. The anthers are usually bright yellow or orange
thus making a very beautiful and attractive plant when in flower.

DIANELLA ““Flax Lily” (Liliaceae)

Thick woody rootstock almost rhizomous, with stiff leaves arising from
them. The flowers are in panicles, blue, usually followed by blue berries.
Flowers are up to %2” in diameter and pendulous. D. laevis has light yellow
anthers, whilst in D. revoluta, the anthers cre nearly black.

LCMANDRA “lIron Grass”

There are a number of species, all dioecious. Flowers are insignificant,
usually in panicles, but in L. leucocephala the white flowers are clustered
in cylindrical or woolly heads. This snecies makes a useful qarden plant.

ORTHROSANTHUS (lIridaceae)

Orthrosanthus multiflorus is a robust tufted perennial with persistent
linear leaves. Inflorescences are branched and bear numerous large pale to
deep blue onen flowers. The height when in flower is between 18-36". The
flowers last a day only but the flowering period is over many weeks. The
rootstock is fibrous, clustered and this species can be readily cultivated.

PATERSONIA (Iridaceae)

A groun of species which are perennial herbs with deciduous erect
linear leaves and a short rootstock. The flowers are large, blue or purple,
more rarely white or yellow, clustered at the apices of stout stems and
within a large brown bract. P. fragilis (glauca) the leaves are longer than
the flowering stem. P. longiscapa—the flowering stem is about a "4 as long
again as the leaves. The species prefer moist soil to flower freely and usually
an almost completely open site.

STYPANDRA “‘Grass Lily”” (Liliaceae)

An attractive blue flowered plant (sometimes white). The rootstock is
fibrous from which arise persisting perennial stems. The flowers are in cymes.
Stypandra caesoitosa is a tufted plant with leafless stems and the flowers
are erect, normally small growing.

S. glauca is a tall growing somewhat robust plant frequently up to
3 ft. high with erect or small flaccid leaf stems. The flowers are blue and
nodding.

TRICORYNE (Liliaceae)

Tricoryne elatior is a small tufted nlant in the onen with rigid, coarse
stems—in nartial shade, with weak flaccid stems. The rootstock is fibrous.
Masses of flowers are produced at the apices of the branchlets—the flowering
continuing for several weeks. The plant is either erect or somewhat decumbent
depenciing on the site and when in flower varies in heiaht from 12-18".

THYSANOTUS—See page 52.



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March, 1969 Al STRALIAN PLANTS II~.’II{{;(7 Ei Page i?il'jti 5

Photography by Frank Hurley Blocks by courtesy of John Sands Pty. Ltd.

PATERSONIA GLABRATA

Although the colour plate is for a species not described, it is quite suitable to illustrate
the article. The species described could best be defined as an average purple, that is a
colour without showing a trace of blue or red.



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Page 58—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LANDSCAPING March, 1969

LANDSCAPING

HOME LANDSCAPE IN THE COUNTRY
by D. Field, Landscape Architect, Botanic Garden, Adelaide, Southi Australia

Home landscaping is an art which conjures up in the imagination ideas
of shady patios, home barbecues, lavish swimming pools and all the fancy
knick-knacks that we all see in the glossy magazines.

When we're thinking of doing something of the sort with our own
homes, we thumb throuah the ohotographs and drawings to see what we’'d
like in our own backyard. But we confine our thoughts to the house and
that 20 x 20 yard square of ground surrounded by that paling fence and
concentrate on the particular feature that we especially like. Well, this
is alright if you live in the town. Your bit of land’s so small that if the
neighbour has some nice shrubs on your fence line they're yours as well
and you don’t need to plant many on that side. You can’t be too concerned
about the overall landscape since in the main it has been dictated to
you before you moved in. It is a landscape of bricks and mortar, relieved
by a few trees and shrubs, with your own private landscape behind the house,
which ends in the back fence and the neighbour’s shrubs (if you're lucky),
and the glossy magazines show you all sorts of ways to make your block
look something special.

What about the country folk? Their houses are parked out there in the
cpen with wide open country all around, as wz so often see, with hardly a
stick to hide behind or a tree to get a bit of shade from on a hot day.

These days even farmers can expect a little leisure time from their work
and with this comes the desire to make the surrounds to their homes plzasant
and relaxing. One often sees in the country the house set around with trees
and shrubs and a paling fence or hedge, then the open country as before.
The farmer has got his garden alright, but, it's a suburban garden, complete
with boundary fence, but no neighbour’s shrubs, not even neighbours, just @
rectangular patch in the open. It looks sirangely out of place, as of course
it is, since in reality it is a suburban garden.

What can be done then to make a successful garden in the country, to
make a garden look right in such an expanse? The answer is really quite
simple.

The farmer just simply does not operate on the same scale as the
suburbanite. He doesn’t play around with a couple of rows of beans in his
vegetable patch. While it may not be desirable to have a large garden,
since this takes a bit of time to look after, it is none-the-less necessary to fit
whatever sized garden he does want into the whole landscape.

Just as the farmer operates on a large scale—hundreds and sometimes
thousands of acres for his crops and herds—so he must think broadly in
landscape terms for his house and garden.

The whole farm is really his garden in a sense and truly often more
beautiful than any city park. If he wants to improve his homestead garden
he must look out towards these fields and take the essential qualities of
these areas, intensifying them towards the homestead. A group of trees
could be extended—extra shelter belts near the house, but not in straight



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LANDSCAPING __ Page 59—Vol

rows—at least near the edges. Every farmer knows, or should know, the
value of shelier belts, how valuable an asset they are for stock. Well, they're
just as valuable near the house because they will help create a microclimate
which will enable him to begin his garden in its lee.

Usually the best trees to use are native gums and mallees. The particular
species to use depends upon the district, but the toughest and commonest
one in the area will be the best ones to use. Once these are well established
it will be possible to use other less hardy plants.

These shelter belts and screens are really the most important element in
country garden design. They are the “bones” of the whole garden both
from a visual and a horticultural stand-point. These must be regarded as
the tocls of irade which the farmer may use to bind his homestead area
info the landscape and at the same time make a special microclimate about
the homestead in which he may begin to build up the garden containing
the features he most desires.

The way in which they are used is most important, for to be effective,
both visually and functionally, they must be carefully arranged. This cepends
upon a number of factors and no two sets of circumstances would necessarily
be alike. However, such things as the orientation of the house to the sun,
prevailing winds, main road etc. will be practical issues to consider carefully.
In addition, the general topography of the land—hills and valleys etc.—
must be considered. The plantations should be arranged to deflect winter
winds, yet not impede the flow of air in frosty areas which might create a
frost pocket.

(Continued on page no. 78)



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Page 60—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

PTEROSTYLIS

AN ILLUSTRATED CHECK-LIST OF THE GENUS PTEROSTYLIS
by Leo Cady, Kiama, N.S.W.

This paper listing the species in the genus Pterostylis, is the result of many
years work in attempting to clarify a very confused record of names. Many
mistakes have come to light and the need for much more work on this genus
is obvious. The paper is not intended to bte a monograph; but only a record
of the position as the author sees it at the moment.

It is an alphabetical list of soecies with the present accepted name. its
author, and where it was originally described, an illustration other than in
this list, cotour of the flower, and distribution. Synonyms, with notes on doubtful
species and other important points follow. The number preceding ihe species
name comncide. with the plate numbers, uniess otherwise stated.

SOME AUTUMN FLOWERED PTEROSTYLIS
Described and illustrated by Peter Uhlherr

Left to right: Pterostylis obtusa. The plate shows the very noticeably protruding sinus of the
lateral sepals which is characteristic of the species; the protrusion is notched when viewed
from the front. Tip of labellum is dark and just visible.

F. parviflora. The only multiflowered species with erect lateral sepals closing the galea.

P. acuminata. Brown labellum curved for half its length protrudes markedly between
lateral sepals, the points of which are swept slightly backwards.

P. grandiflora. Described in the No. 36 issue of ‘‘Australian Plants” where it is
shown in full colour with five other species which will serve as a guide to proportion.



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March, 1969 B AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE Page 61—Vol. 5

~

£

Figures 2 & 3 are to scale. All other figures are approx. half natural size. This only refers
to the plants, the segments being much enlarged. Description on next page.



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Page 62—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

Part 1—Recognized species and varieiies

1. P. acuminata R.Br. Prod., (1810) 326.-0. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl. 68—
greenish  white, arex reddish, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Queensland,
N.S.W., Victoria.

la. variety ingens Ruro. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 53:552 (1928) .0. of Austr.
(1951). PL. 69—greenish some red, Vic. & S. Australia.

2. P. allantoidea Rogers: Tran. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. 64:139 (1940). 0. of Austr.
Nich. (1951). PL. 61 (see also “Orchids of the West” Ericson (1951)—green
with dark purplish stripes and markings, W. Austr.

3. P. alpina Rogers. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 28 (1915) 108 PIl. 8. 0. of Austr.
Pl. 70—pale green on a whitish backeround. N.SW.. Vict. & Tasmania.

4. P. alata (Labill.) Reichb. f. Beitr. Syst. Pfl. 70, 0. of Austr. (1951), Pl 70.
Almost transparent. whitish, striated with distinctive dark green or brownish
lines. N.S.W., Vict.,, S. Austr. & Tasmania.

4a. P. alveata Garnet. Vict. Nat., LVI (1939) 152 IIl. in ibid. LVII (1940)
152. Light greenish. N.S.W. & Vict.

S. P. areolata Petr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 50 (1918) 210, Trans .Roy. Soc. of N.Z.
80 (1953) 326 Pl. 72. Green with reddish striae. South Island of New
Zealand.

6. P. australis Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel., 1, 1853, 248. Trans., Roy., Soc. N.Z.
77 (1949) Pt. 21. S. Island of N. Zeal., Stewart Is., Chatham Is.

7. P. barbata Lindl. Swan River App. (1839) 53, A. Orch. 1, 7 (1882).
Green with a bright yellow ciliate labellum. All states of Austr. except
Queensland. Also N. Zeal. See note 1 end of list.

8. P. baptistii FitzG. Austr. Orch. 1, 1 (1875) Ill. Vict. Nat. LVII, 8 Dec.
(1940). Light green with fawn markings. From Queensland to eastern Vict.

9. P. banksii R.Br. ex. A. Cunn. Bot. Mag. (1882) T.3172. The Orchadian
No. 10 (1965) P. 129. Green with red or red-brown stria. N. & S. Islands
of N. Zeal. Stewart & Chatham Islands.

9a. variety patens (Col.) Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 75 (1945) 370 as
type. Lateral sevals very recurved. N. & S. Island N. Zeal.., Stewart Island.

10. P. bureaviana Schlechter. Englr. Bot. Jahrb. 39 (1907) p. 38. Light green
Banks of the Riviere des Lacs near Yaté New Caledonia.

11. P. boormanii Rupp. O. N.SSW. (1943) 98 The Orchadian 7 (1964) 81—
Aust. O. Review Sept. (1965) 129. Reddish brown and green. N.S.W. only.
See note 10.

12. P. carinata Dock. N. Queens. Nat. 23 (1955) III. Ill. Greenish, Ravenshoe
district, N. Queens. See note 9.

13. P. caulescens L. O. Williams. Bot. Mus. Lft. Hav. Uni. 12(5) 149 (1946).
Flesh nink. New Guinea Rawlinson Rg., Morobe District at 10,000 to 12,000
ft. alt.

14. P. celans Rupp, Vict. Nat., LXI (1944) 106. Orch. of Austr. Nich. (1951)
Pl. 92. Green, Vict.

15. P. coccinea FitzG., Austr. Orch. 14 (1878) Ill. Orch. of Austr. Nich. (1951)
Pl. 82. Red or greenish red with darker stria. N.S.W.

16. P. constricta Sargent, Journ. W. Aust., Nat. Hist. Soc. 2. 24 (1907). Orch. of
Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 88. Translucent white with green and dark brown
striae, W. Austr. only.

17. P. concinna R.Br. Prod. (1810) 326. Orch. of Austr. Nich. (1951) PIl. 63.
Green with brown markings. All states except W. Austr.

17a. P. conoglossa W. T. Upton, The Orchadian Vol. 2, 9 (1967) 115.
Translucent with brown and green markings. N.SSW. (Plate No. 56b).

I8. P. clavergera FitzG. Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 138. Unpublished plate of
Fitzgerald in the Mitchell Library Syd. Green, N.S.W. See note 11.

19. P. crypta Nich. Vict. Nat. LXI (1945) 207 ill. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951)
Pl. 92. Green with rufous markings. Vict.

20. P. cucullata R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327, O. of Austr. Nich. (1951). Pl. 74.
Green with chocolate brown markings. Vict.,, S. Austr. & Tasm.

21. P. curta R.Br. Prod. (1810) 326. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951). PL. 65. Greenish,
all states, the W. Austr. record is doubtful, also New Caledonia.

22. P. cynocephala FitzG. Austr. Orch. 1, 2 (1876), Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal.
80 (1953). PI. 73. Rich green. N.S.W., Vict., S. Austr., Tasm. & N. Zeal.

23. P. daintreana F. Muell, ex Benth. Fl. Austr. VI (1873) 360. O. N.S\W. Rupp
(1943) PL 16 pp. 95. Rich green. Queens. and N.S.W.



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Figures 14, 18, 19 and 22 are natural size. All others are approx. 2 natural size to scale, i.e.
for the plants, the segments are much enlarged.



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Page 64—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

24,

30.

43.

44.
45.
46.

47.

P. decurva Rogers, Tran. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. XLVII (1923) 339. O. of
Austr. Nich. (1951). PL. 84. Translucent white with green striae brownish-red
towards the apex. Tasm., Vict. & N.S.W.

P. depauperata Bail. Bot. Bull. 1V, cannot find any illustrations. A very
little known plant, green, N. Queens. (Plate No. 12). See note 9.

P. erecta T. E. Hunt. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queens. LXIX (1958) 8, 89, Ill. Dark
red brown, S. Queens.

P. falcata Rogers. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. N.S. 28 (1915) 106. O. of Austr.
Nich. (1951). PI. 71. Light green, N.SW., Vict. & Tasm.

P. fischii Nich. Vict. Nat. 67:45-47 (1950). 1lIl. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951).
Pl. 83. Green with rufous striae on a translucent white background. N.S.W.
& Vict.

P. foliata Hook. f. Flor. Nov. Zeal. 1. (1853) 249. O. of Austr. Nich.
(1951). PL. 77 & 78. Greenish red brown at apex. Vict., Tasm., N.SW.,
North & South N. Zeal.

P. furcata Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. (1840) 390. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951).
Pl. 67. Darkish green. N.SW. (very rare). Vict. & Tasm.

30a. variety micromega (Hook. f.) Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 77
(1949) 242. Auckland Orchids. E. D. Hatch. The Auckland Bot. Soc. 1959).
Darkish green. N. Is. N. Zeal.

30b. variety [linearis Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 77 (1949) 243.
Greenish, National Park and Murimotu, N. Zeal.

P. furcillata Rupp. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.SSW. LV (1930) 415. O. of Austr.
Nich. (1951). Pl. 73. Vivid green with darker bands, N.S.W.

P. graminea Hook. f. Flor. Nov. Zeal. 1, (1853) 248, Tran. Roy. Soc. N.Z.
77 (1949) Pl. 28. Greenish with darker bands, N. & S. Islands of N. Zeal.,
Stewart Island.

P. grandiflora R Br. Pred. (1810) 327. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951). Pl. 80.
Rich green with red/brown markings. Queens., N.S.W., Vict.,, Tasm.

P. hamiltonii Nich. Vict. Nat. L. (1933) 89, ill. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951).
Pl. 91 Red striae on a white background. W. Austr. & S. Austr.

P. hildae Nich. Queens. Nat. X (1937) 39. ill. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951).
Pl. 66. Wholly green brownish at apex. S. Queens. & N.S.W.

P. humilis Rogers. Tran. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. 46 (1922) 151. Tran. Roy. Soc.
N. Zeal. 77 (1949) Pl. 31. Kaimanawa Range & Ruahine Range N. Zeal.
Translucent with thin green striae.

P. irsoniana Hatch. Tran. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 78 (1950) 104. PIl. 18.
The Orchardian 10 (1965) Pl 29. Translucent with green and red striae.
Mt. Egmont, N. Zeal.

P. longicurva Rupp. Cont. Nat. Herb. N.SSW. 1 (1941) 125. Pale green
with darker green or brownish striae. N.S.W.

P. longipetala Rupp. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.SSW. LXVIII (1943) 9. Green
with darker markings. N.S.W.

P. longifolium R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327. Austr. Orch. Fitz. 1, 1 (1875). Green,
all states except W. Austr.

P. montana Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 77 (1949) 239. Greenish.
Mt. Ruanehu, and Lake Manaoouri, N. Zeal., also Stewart Island.

4la. variety rubricaulis (Math.) Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 77 (1949)
240. Greenish marked with red/brown towards the apex. Waitakere and
Hunua Ranges, N. Zeal.

P. mutica R.Br. Prod. (1810) 328. Austr. Orch. 1, 2 (1876). Light green,
all states and N. Zeal.

P. mitchellii Lindl. Mitchells, Trop. Austr. (1848) 365. The Orchardian
(1964) 6, 67. Green with a few rufous markings, all states excent Tasm.
See note 10.

P. nana R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327. O. of Austr. (1951) Pl. 76. Light or golden
green, all states except Queens. Also N. Zeal.

P. novoguineensis Ridley. Trans. Linn. Soc. II, IX, 208 (1916). Brilliant
red. Eastern Highlands of New Guinea.

P. neocaledonica Schlechter. Englr. Bot. Jahrb. 39 (1907) 38. Jgnambi, New
Caledonia.

P. nutans R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327, O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 96. Green
all Austr. states except W. Austr., also N. Isl.. N. Zeal.,, N. Caledonia.

47a. varietv hispvidula FitzG. Austr. Orch. 1, 6. ill. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951)
Pl. 96. N.S.W



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March, 1969  AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE __ Page 61—Vol. 5

Figures 44 and 52 are natural size to scale and all others are half natural size, i.e. the

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Page 68—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

48. P. obtusa R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 85.
Green. Queens., N.SSW., Vict. and S. Austr.

49, P. ophioglossa R.Br. Prod. (1810) 326. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl. 62.
Green, often with pinkish tints. Queens., N.S.W. and New Caledonia.

49a. variety collina Rupp. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.SW. LIV (1929) 552. O. of
Austr. Nich. (1951) PlL. 62. Red/brown. Queens. and N.S.W.

50. P. oliveri Petr. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. 26 (1894) 270. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal.
77 (1949) PIl. 24. N. Zeal. (S. Island).

S1. .P. parviflora R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327. Austr. Orch. 1, 7 (1882) (colour is
shown rather too deep). Wholly green or green with red brown markings.
All states except W. Austr.

52. P. pedoglossa FitzG. Avstr. Orch. 1, 3 (1877). O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) PL
94. Wholly green with some red/brown right at the anex. N.S.W., Vict.
and Tasm.

53. P. pedunculata R Br. Prod. (1810) 327. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 95.
Green with deen red/brown suffusions. All states except W. Austr.

54. P. pulchella Messmer. Pro. Linn. Soc. N.SSW. LVIII (1933) 429. O. of
Austr. Nich. (1951) PIl. 87. Green with red/brown markings. N.S.W.

55. P. pusilla Rogers Proc. Roy Soc. S. Austr. XLII (1918) 26, ill. A.O.R. 30, 3

Sept. (1965) 129. All Austr. states. See note 10.

55a. variety aciculiformis Nich. Vic. Nat. LII (1936) 167 ill. p. 168. Glaucous
green with pale rusty brown markings. Vict., N.SSW.? (Plants that the
author received from the Orange area agree very closely with Nicholls
drawing). See note 10.

55b. variety prominens Rupp Proc. Linn. Soc. N.SSW. LVI (1931) 136-7 ill.
Red/brown. N.S.W. See note 10.

56. P. papuana Rolfe Kew Bull. (1899) 112, Nova Guinea XII. 3 (1915) 185,
T. LXI 99. Unknown but possibly reddish. New Guinea.

S6a. variety artakensis J. J. Smith, In Gibbs, Cont. Phytogeogr.. Fl. Dutch New
Guinea 107 (1917). Pink. Arfak Mts., Angi Lakes, New Guinea.

56b. variety seranica J. J. Smith, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 10:91 (1928).
Central Seran, New Guinea. Reddish brown darker towards the apex.

57. P. pyramidalis Lindl. Swan River App. to Edwards Bot. Reg. 53 (1839),
O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) PL 75. Green, W. Austr. (See note 6).

58. P. reflexa R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 86.
Green with darker bands. Queens., N.SW. and Vict.

59. P. revoluta R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327, O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 81.
Translucent green with darker bands, occasionally almost white. Queens..
N.S.W. and Vict.

60. P. recurva Benth. FL. Austr. VI (1873) 360, O. of Austr. Nich. (1951) PlL. 79.
White with prominent green or red/brown or grey striae. W. Austr. and
N. Territory.

61. P. russellii T. E. Hunt. The Orchid. Journal (U.S.A.) 1, 1 (1952) 42 il
Greenish, South Queensland. :

62. P. robusta (Ewart) Rogers Tran. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. LI (1927) 296.
Gems of the Bush Nich. et Barrett (1932) 36. White with green or brown
striae. S. Austr., Vict., W. Austr.

63. P. rogersii Coalman Vic. Nat. XLVI (1929) 100. O. of Austr. Nich. (1951).
Pl. 89. Translucent white or grey with rufous striae. W. Austr.

64. F. rufa R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327, Austr. Orch. Fitzg. (1876) 1, 2. Green with
red/brown markings or white with green or reddish striae. All states.
(See note 2 at end of text). Also note 10.

64a. variety despectans Nich. Vic. Nat. 66 (1950) 215, ill. p. 213. White with
green striae. Vict. See note 10.

65. P. sargentii Andrews Journ. W. Austr. Nat. Hist. Soc. May (1905), O. of
the West Ericson (1951) 39. White background with red-brown markings.
W. Austr.

66. P. speciosa T. E. Hunt Queens. Nat. Vol. 16 1 & 2 (1958) 7 ill. pg. 8.
White with red/brown striae. Stradbroke Isl., S. Queens. (See note 3).

67. P. squamata R.Br. Prod. (1810) 327, Austr. Orch. 1, 6 (1880). Vic. Nat.
LIIT (1936) 136. White with green or red/brown striae. N.S.W., Vict.,
S. Austr., Tasm. See note 10.

67a. variety valida Nich. Vic. LVIII (1941) 115, ill. pg. 116. Wholly green.
Maldon, Vict. See note 10.



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE Page 69—Vol. 5

.
| -

55
56

\

(3}
)
|
{
Js
ér

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-

Figure 57 is natural size to scale. All others are half natural size to scale, i.e. the plants.
The segments are much enlarged.



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Page 70—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

68. P. tenuicaula Kraenzl. Viertl. Natur. Gesell. Zurich. 74 (129) 63. New
Caledonia.

69. P. tenuissima Nich. Vict. Nat. 67 (1950) 46. ill. p. 47. White with green
striae. Vict.

70. P. truncata FitzG. Austr. Orch. 1, 4 (1878). O. of Austr. Nich. (1951)
Pl. 90. Translucent white with bold and fine red/brown and green striae.
N.S.W. and Vict.

71. P. toveyana Ewart et Sharman. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vic. 28 (N. ser.) 235 (1916).
0. of Austr. Nich. (1951) Pl 64. Coppery coloured or dark greenish
on a white background. Vict,, Tasm.

72. P. trullifolia Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.,, 1 (1853), 249. As no type form is
known only the 3 varieties are listed.

72a. variety rubella (Col.) Hatch. Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 77 (1942) 244.
The Orchadian 10(1965)P. N. Zeal.

72b. variety gracilis Cheesmn. Tran. N. Zeal. Inst. 47 (1914) 46, Tran. Roy.
Soc. N. Zeal. 77 (1949) 244, Pl. 30. N. Zeal.

72¢. variety alebula Hatch. Tran. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal. 77 (1949) 244, Pl. 30.
N. Zeal.

73. P. vereenae Rogers Tran. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. 38 (1914) 360 T.18. O. of
Austr. Nich. (1951). PL. 72. White with green or red/brown striae. S. Austr.
and Tasm. (See note 4 at end of text).

74. P. venosa Col. Tran. N. Zeal. Inst. 28 (1896) 610, Tran. Roy. Soc. N. Zeal.
77 (1949). Pl. 19. Greenish. N. Zeal.

75. P. virtata Lindl. Bot. Reg. Vol. 25, Swan River App. 53 (1839), South Aust.
Orchids, Rog. (1911). White background with either dark green or red/brown
markings. S. Austr., Vict.,, W. Austr. and Tasm.

75a. variety viridiflora Nich. Vic. Nat. XLIX (1933) 254. Translucent white,
with prominent dark green bands. W. Austr.

75b. variety subdifformis Nich., Vic. Nat. XLIX (1933) 253. Red/brown
suffused and striae on a white background. W. Austr.

76. P. woolsii FitzG. Austr. Orch. 1, 2 (1876). Gems of the bush, Nich. et
Barrett (1932) centre plate. Green with yellowish brown markings or
wholly red/brown. N.SW., Queens., Vict.

PART 2
Names that are Synonymcus or Doubtful
Synonym Accepted Name

P. aphylla Lindl. Regarded as a form of P. parviflora R.Br.
See O. of N.SW. Rupp (1943) 94.

P. auriculata Col. P. banksii R.Br.

P. acuminata Sieb. ex Lindl. (non

R.Br.) P. concinna R.Br.

P. banksii R.Br. var B Hook. f. P. australis Hook. f.

P. banksii R.Br. var. australis P. australis Hook. f.

P. carinata Dockrill P. depaupcrata Bailey

P. confertifolia Allan P. humilis Rogers.

Dispersis alata Labill. . P. alata (Labill.) Reichb. f.

P. emarginata Col. P. banksii R.Br.

P. gracilis Nich. P. foliata Hook. f.

P. gibbosa R.Br. P. rufa R.Br. (referred to this species
by Bentham, but nothing seems to be
known of the original species).

P. graminea Cheesmn. (Non Hook. f.) P. montana Hatch. var. montana

P. graminea Hook f. var. subricaulis P. montana Hatch var. rubicaulis (Math)

Math. ex Cheesmn. Hatch.

P. micromega Hook. f. , P. furcata Lindl. var. micromega Hatch.

P. micromega Cheesmn. P. furcata Lindl. var. cinearis Hatch.

P. mathewsii Cheesmn. P. nutans R.Br. var. nutans

P. mackibbinii F. Muell. P. cucullata R.Br.

P. nana Hook. f. (Non R.Br.) P. pedunculata R.Br.

P. obtusa R.Br. as shown in both

J. D. Hooker’s Fl. Tasm. and
Rodways Tasm. Flora P. decurva Rog.
P. puberula Hook. f. P. nana R.Br.

P. praecox Lindl. P. alata (Labill.) Reichb. f.



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE Page 71—Vol. 5

Figures 64, 64A and 67A are natural size. All others are half full size to scale, i.e. the plants
Segments are much enlarged.



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Page 72—Vol. § AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

P. praecox Lindl. var. robusta Ewart P. robusta (Ewart) Rog.
P. patens Col. P. banksii R.Br. var. patens (Col.) Hatch.
P. polyphylla Col. P. furcata Lindl. var. furcata
P reflexa Benth. (Non R.Br.) P. robusta (Ewart) Rog in part.
P. rufa R Br. var. mitchellii (Lindl.)

FitzG. P. mitchellii Lindl.
P. rufa R.Br. var. squamata (R.Br.)

FitzG. . ... P. squamata R.Br.
P. semirubra F. Muell. P. pedunculata R.Br.
P. speciosa Col. P. banksii R.Br.
P. striata FitzG. P. alata (Labill.) Reichb. f.
P. squamata Hook. f. (Non R.Br.) P. barbata Lindl.
P. subsimilis Col. P. banksii R.Br.
P. wrifolia Col. . P. venosa Col.
P. tristis Col. P. mutica R.Br.
P. turfosa Endl. P. barbata Lindl.
P. whitei Bail. . P. parviflora R.Br.
P. species (undescribed) Rupp Proc.

Linn.  Soc. N.SW. 50304,

Fig. 3 (1925) P. foliata Hook. f.

PART 3

Note on Points of Interest

Note |—In the Western Austr. Nat. Vol. 8 No. 2 Oct. (1961) 38-41. Mr. A. S.
George reduces P. turfosa Endl. to a synonym of P. barbata Lindl. stating
that the original type of P. barbata Lindl. was described from W. Austr.
material in Swan River App. (1839) 53, if this is so then this may leave
the ecastern states and New Zealand, with unnamed species. Two plants
that have long been accepted as valid species, differ materially from
one another particularly in the length of the sepal. Any one who is
conversant with the two plants would agree that they are not conspecific.

Note 2—P. rufa R.Br. is and has been for a long time an “ill” known species
and is to say the least a very variable plant, it belongs to the multi-
flowered group; the plant accepted as this species in South Australia is
much different to the plant that is ficured in Fitzgerald’s Australian Orchids
Vol. 1 pt. 2, which up to the present has been accepted as Brown’'s species.
A critical review of this group is badly needed, in which the forms now
evident in Australia should be compared materially with the types in England
at Kew and the British Museum.

Note 3—P. speciosa T. E. Hunt. The name speciosa has been used previously
for a New Zealand plant now regarded as a synonym of P. banksii and is
therefore invalid. The plant described by Hunt appears to be only a
form of P. revoluta and in the writer’s opinion should be synonymed under
this species.

Note 4—P. vereena Rogers. Two plates of this species are shown. plate No. 73 is
after W. H. Nicholls plant in O. of Australia based on material from
Tasmania, plate No. 73a is taken from plants received from the type area
from Mr. H. Goldsack of South Australia. It is evident that Nicholls’ plant
is not the same as the type. Further work will have to be done on the
Tasmanian F. furcata complex of which Nicholls’ plant is a member.

Note 5—P. alveata Garpet. This species cause quite a lot of controversy when
it was described. W. H. Nicholls rejected it as only a form of the cosmopolitan
species P. obtusa, which it does resemble, but after examining specimens of the
former from Tathra on the far south coast of N.S.W.. particularly the
emarginate tip to the labellum and its general all green colour the author
feels that it is as good a species as some of the other controversial ones, and
has retained it.

Note 6—P. pyramidalis Lindl. This srecies is thought to be only a very leafy
form of P. nana R.Br. by some botanists.

Note 7—The illustrations in Plate No. 46 of P. neocladonica is a poor one, being
taken from a photo of Schlechter type sheet and the plants are in a
seeding condition, and therefore can be used only as a guide to the form
of the species shape.

Note 8—P. revoluta R.Br. W. H. Nicholls reports in O of Austr. “E. Nubling
of Sydney (10.6.1928) recorded a specimen having a lateral growth of



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The plants shown are half size, the segments being much enlarged. For Figures 77 & 78—
A—appendage, AC—anther cap, C—column wings, L—labellum, P—pollina, R—rostellum,
S—stigma, all much enlarged.



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Page 74—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—ORCHIDACEAE March, 1969

large leaves at the base of the stem; and a remarkable specimen came from
Kurri Kurri (N.SSW.). It possessed a well developed rosette of leaves
immediately below the floral pedicel and was found by Mr. M. W. Nicholls.”

Note 9—Since the text was written this species (P. carinata Dockrill) has been
synonymed under P. depauperata Bail., the mistake in identity occurring because
of the inadequate description given by F. M. Bailey.

Note 10—Since the main text was written a paper has appeared in the Orchadian
Vol. 2.12.(1968) 148. “Reviewing the so called ‘Rufous Group of the Genus
of Pterostylis’” by Blackmore et Clemesha. A number of changes have
been made in the nomenclature, with the resurrection of R. Brown’s P. gibbosa
and the classification of 3 “new” species. A synopsis of the paper is
appended below.

1. P. woollsii FitzG. remains the same. Plate 76.

2. P. biseta Blackmore et Clemesha a new taxon, for illustration of this
plant, see Plate 64 and 64A. (This is not a typical plant). Synonym:
P. rufa R.Br. var. despectans Nicholls.

3. P. boormanii Rupp. Late II, and 67A. Syn.—P. squamata R.Br. var.
valida.

4. P. hamata Blackmore et Clemesha. A new taxon. Plate 67.

S. P. ceriflora Blackmore et Clemesha. A new taxon. Plate 25A.

6. P. gibbosa R.Br. ssp. gibbosa. Plate 25B.

7. P. gibbosa R.Br. ssp. mitchellii (Lindl.) Blackmore et Clemesha. Plate 43.

8. P. rufa R.Br. ssp. rufa. Plate 55B. Syn.—P. squamata R.Br. and P. pusilla

Rogers var. prominens Rupp.
9. P. rufa R.Br. ssp. aciculiformis (Nicholls) Blackmore et Clemesha. Plate

55 and 55A (more typical). Syn. P. pusilla Rogers var. aciculiformis
Nicholls, and P. pusilla Rogers var. pusilla.

Note 11—P. clavergera FitzG. Has recently been found in its type area and
has proved to be only an aberrant form of the now widespread P. nana
and should be reduced to a synonym of this latter species.

Note 12—It seems desirable to mention that while examining the species from
New Caledonia and New Guinea, just how close some of the so called species
come to Australian and New Zealand plants. It will possibly be found when
material from these countries is critically examined that a further reduction
of species will be required and a wider distribution of our local species will
be recorded.

Note 13—The only species which could not be illustrated due to lack of material
were No. 56 B. papuana var. seranica and No. 68 P. tenuicaula, the former

from New Guinea, the latter from New Caledonia.
Credits for Plate Illustrations

After W. H. Nicholls: 1la, 2, 14, 24, 31, 49a, 54, 55a, 57, 64, 64a, 67, 67a, 73.
After E. D. Hatch: 5, 6, 9a, 30b, 36, 37, 50, 37a, b, c, 74.
After G. Dillon: 13.
After J. A. P. Blackmore: 25B.
After W. Brinsley: 18.
After T. E. Hunt: 26, 61.

After W. T. Upton: 38, 75a. TLabel'um onlv.

The rest from the author’s collection of drawings and live material or from specimens
sent from different sources.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Dr. Leslie Garay of the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium. Harvard
Uni. U.S.A. for much generosity with material and specimens of New Guinea and New Caledonian
plants, photos of types etc.; Mrs. A. Millar of Lae Herbarium for material of P. movoquineensis,
Mr. N. Mairs of Sydney Herbarium for permission to examine the type of P. longipetala
Rupp., Mr. E. D. Hatch of New Zealand for plant material of New Zealand species. The
late M. J. Firth and Miss P. Palmer of Tasmania for Tasmanian material, Messrs. W. & F. & K
Giles of Springside via Orange and Batlow for much material and habitat notes on the inland
species, and all those people who have sent material or assisted in any way.

PLANTS WITH FLESHY OR BULBOUS ROOT STOCK—continued from page no. 51
ARTHROPODIUM (Liliaceae)

A genus of several species (including those previously described under
Dichopogon), found in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. The
rootstock is fibrous ending in tubers at a distance from the root stock. Leaves
are broad and prostrate. Stems are erect, usually branched, each with several
small attractive pendulous flowers in loose racemes, stalked, white, purplish



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LILIACEAE Page 75—Vol. 5

and similar colour. Seeds are black or brownish-black, angular. The anthers
are bearded.

Arthropodium fimbriatum—somewhat similar to A. strictum but flowers
often in clusters of 2-3.

A. milleflorum—grows to 18-24" high, flowers are numerous, white or
purplish, drooping or fine pedicels, in the form of a panicle.

A. minus—a small flat usually under 12” high with oblong tubers close
to the base. Stems simple and flowers few.

A. strictum (Dichopogon strictus)—tall growing up to 3 ft., with long
fibrous roots with tubers. Stems erect, leaves basal, grass-like, flaccid.
Flowers borne in loose panicles, single, drooping, purple, lilac, rarely white
up to 2" diameter, sweetly scented.

BURCHARDIA (REYA) UMBELLATA (Liliaceae)
An oftractive white flowered blant with o short angular rootstock,
usually growing in a shaded or slightly open area. There is a single species.
Stems are erect and up to 18" high, with 2-3 narrow linear stem-clasping
leaves—1-2 at the base, then 1-2 along the stems. The flowers are few
to several in a terminal umbel subtended by bracts; perianth white, up to
12" diameter. The fruit is a capsule with pronounced horns at its apex.

It is widely spread throughout temperate Australia and in South Australia
is confined to those regions receiving at least 25" rainfall per year. Under
cultivation it responds to soils enriched with organic matter and requires
some shade. It is propagated by seed.

BULBINOPSIS “Bulbine Lily”’ (Liliaceae)

Although a fairly large genus in South Africa, only 2-3 species are
Australian. These are herbaceous plants, with deciduous foliage. Rootstock
is usually a bulbous tuber from which a number of fleshy thin roots develop
annually. The leaves are succulent, radial, linear to broad linear, and with
yellow star-shaped flowers borne on a simple raceme. After flowering the
perianth segments twist and deciduate.

B. bulbosa varies in size with the moisture oresent, but under ideal
conditions, a plant 15-20” high—or as small as a few inches on dry sites.
Leaves, radical, glabrous 3-10” long, broad linear, channelled; from the
centre of which arises an erect single flowering stem 3-20” high with numerous
flowers. Perianth yellow with green ridge down each segment; 17 diameter.
Anther filaments are bearded. Capsule almost globular, %" diameter. The
species is widely spread throughout South Australia and also temperate
Australia.

B. semibarbata closely resembles the above but the flowers are usually
smaller. (A variety (var. deplita) has somewhat twisted flowering stems and the
filaments usually plain). The rootstock is fibrous, usually lacking the tuber.

Both plants make attractive garden plants and can be readily raised
from seed.

CAESIA (Liliaceae)

A small genus of very attractive herbaceous plants with grass-like light
green foliage at the base, tuberous rootstock and blue flowers. There are
about six species native to Australia and several found in South Africa.
The South Australian species are usually found in partially shaded sites
in moist soils.

Caesia vittata is a freely colonising plant occurring in large patches.
The flowering stems are erect 10-15” high, glabrous, usually pale green, single



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Page 76—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LILIACEAE March, 1969

or sometimes slightly branched. The flowers are pale to dark blue—more
rarely white or lilac—in colour and occur in clusters on the upper part of the
stems, '2-3%" diameter; star shaped. Capsule containing black seeds is
sub-globular in shape. C. parviflora is usually much smaller, with flowers
up to %" diameter. The leaves in both species are light green in colour
sub-erect, radial linear to lanceolate and up to 9” long.

Like Bulbinopsis the species can be raised from seed. However instead
of an ooen sunny site, Caesia soecies require better soil and partial shade.

CALOSTEMMA

A small Australian genus of attractive free flowering herbaceous bulbous
plants. Two species are found in South Australia each occupying distinct
habitats and different sites may be necessary to flower them.

The bulbs are usually alobular 1-2” in diameter and covered with
brown or black sheathing tunics. The leaves are linear, a third to half an
inch in width usually developing in length after flowering. They are all
radical. The flowers are borne in umbels on a cylindrical or slightly compressed
leafless scape varying in height between 12-24”. The seeds are fleshy
and germinate in a manner similar to that described for Crinum flaccidum.
For a full colour plate of both species see “Australian Plants” No. 26.

Calostemma purpureum is a plant found on rocky slopes or woodland
areas usually in partial shade, and forming large colonies. The flowers,
6-15 in number or rarely more, are light to dark reddish purple in colour,
but pink and very rarely almost white forms have been reported. The tube
of the perianth is almost equal to one third of the total length of the
individual flower which is between 2"-%" long and slightly spreading to an
equal ciameter. The capsule is somewhat globular in shape and contains
2 or 3 seeds.

Calostemma luteum is found only in the drier and more arid parts of
the State usually along flood plains of water courses. The habitat is similar
to Crinum flaccidum, but it often forms dense localised colonies in depressed
moist areas. The soil is frequently heavy and is probably best described as a
sticky-clay although elsewhere the topsoil can be light and sancly, then the
bulbs are resting on an imoervious clay layer. This species is similar to
the above, but differs by a taller habit, more erect foliage, larger flowers,
which are a clear buttercuo vellow. It is a most attractive plant and one
which is easy to cultivate and flower.

CORYNOTHECA (Liliaceae)

This genus is now regarded as identical to Caesia. There were originally
three Australian perennial species and until revision of the species has been
completed the position is not clear.

Corynotheca micrantha is a snecies found in the far north-west portion
of the State. Stems are terete and rigid, somewhat zig-zag in branching;
flowers are very small.

C. lateriflora was recently discovered by the author in the Simpson
Desert.

CHAMAESCILLA (Liliaceae)
There are two Australian nerennial species with tuberous root stocks.
Chamaescilla corymbosa. A low-growing herbaceous plant, about 3”-6”
high with two-five channelled basal grass-like leaves. The flowering stem is
erect, bearing near the summit a loose corymb of usually several bright-blue
Vol

flowers about '2” in diameter. The floral segments spirally twist after
flowering anc deciduate. The capsule is laterally comoressed, acute on the



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LILIACEAE Page 77—Vol. &

edges and truncated at the summit. Seeds are black and glossy and few in
each cell. It is found frequently in savannah-like country and grows readily in
medium soil. It is a very attractive plant with its green leaves, frequent red
stems and bright dark-blue flowers.

CRINUM—"'Murray’’ or "‘Darling Lily”

A very large genus of bulbous plants widely distributed throughout
the warmer parts of the world. Some authorities place the number of species
as high as 150—others about 120, indicating the need for a thorough
botanical revision. The South Australian species most certainly require
investigating, because of marked differences in flower form, shape, colour,
perfume and other features. The genus is readily divided into those species
which have persistent evergreen foliage and those whose foliage is deciduous.

For a reference to all Australian species of Crinum and a line drawing, see
"Australian Plants” No. 26.

C. flaccidum belongs to the second group. The seeds are large—'2"-3%"
in diameter, fleshy and usually produced in abundance.

New plants are produced by the production of a long thin arching
outgrowth from the seed, usually greenish grey in colour with a root at
its end. The region immediately above the root swells rapidly after the
root has penetrated the soil, forming a fleshy base, the embryonic bulb.

C. flaccidum. This is a most attractive plant in flower 15-30” high with
o flaccid rosette of broad linear to lanceolate bright green glossy leaves
up to 2 ft. long. The bulbs take a number of years to flower from seed
(between 4 to 10 depending on the seasons experienced). The root-stock
is a large bulb often several pounds in weight, with a long attenuate neck.

Under natural conditions, contractile roots slowly pull down the developing
bulb until they reach the clay horizon. This may vary from 6-36" below
the soil surface. On slopbing ground it is interesting to trace the growth
demands made on the bulb to enable it to reach this moist clay layer.

The usually scented flowers are produced in umbels at the too of a
stout scape, 15-30” high. Two large papery bracts enclose the flowers usually
o few to ten or more in number. The flowers are usually white when found
in the immediate vicinity of the Murray or its tributaries. However, on the
flood plains of rivers in arid regions, the colour varies from pale cream to
yellow, with reports made, now and then of a pale pink flowering form.

Individual flowers are large. The tube if present is from 2-3" long or
often almost absent (especially in some of the yellow flowered forms). The
perianth segments are six in number, somewhat spreading and of equal
length.

Under cultivation, they grow readily in pots or in the open soil. In
either case, planting to a depth of at least 9" is recommended although if
light soils are present, then this should be increased to 15”. Leaf and flower
production can be produced at will about three to six months after heavy
and continuous watering. Leaf production often commences following good
winter rains but unless supplemented the flower stems are not produced and
then usually during the warmer parts of the year.

Seed is sown by merely placing it on the soil surface. Germination is
fairly rapid and young bulbs can be provided 12 months after the seed
has been sown.

This plant requires an open sunny site to obtain maximum development.
DROSERA (Droseracene)—Sundews. These will be described in a latter issue.



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Page 78—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LILY-LIKE March, 1969

HYPOXIS ““Weather Glass’ “Star Grass’’ (Hypoxidaceae)

A fairly large genus of some 90 species principally South African of
which half a dozen or so species are native to Australia. Two are recorded
from South Australia. The rootstock is a corm like structure (which is covered
with coarse fibres) from which arises long grass like leaves—all radical, but
their bases sheath the lower portion of the thin flowering scape.

H. glabella. An herbaceous glabrous plant a few inches to about nine
inches high with usually one erect linear sheathing bract about the middle of
the scape. Flowers usually one, terminal, star shaped, bright yellow inside,
greenish brown on the outside, about 2 to %" in diameter. The capsule is
oblong with roundish dark coloured seeds.

H. pusilla is a much smaller plant rarely more than a few inches high
with two small deciduous stem bracts, leaves very slender, flowers usually
solitary about half an inch in diameter and coloured as in the above
species. The capsule is globular or egg shaped.

They are usually found through savannah country preferring partial
shade. The flowers open only in bright sunlight or when temperatures are
high. Flowering occurs during the late winter to spring. There is a variety
of soils in which they are found varying from medium to heavy textured to
moist. Along with most of the spring flowering bulbous plants, they require
a completely dormant period after leaf maturity when the soils dry out.
New plants are raised by seed.

MICROSERIS “Yam’ (Compositae)

A member of the Compositae, Microseris scapigerum, is a glabrous
perennial with fleshy tapering roots up to 2" in diameter and 2" long.
The leaves are all radical 6-10” long, linear to lanceolate, usually entire
or with a few distant deflexed teeth or more rarely small lobes. Flowering
scapes are erect, glabrous uo to 15" high and single headed. In open sunny
sites, the scape is often stout and rigid. In shady sites, it is frequently
weak and flaccid. The capitulum is green coloured, involucral bracts in 4-6
rows. The florets are ligulate, yellow or yellowish orange (rarely) and overall
very much like the Taraxacum or English Dandelion. The seeds are terete,
ribbed, 2 to %" long.

It grows naturally in diverse habitats from fully exposed sunny sites
to partial shade. It is also found on rocky slopes and in savannah country.
A very attractive plant and one which is very rarely seen in cultivation.

HOME LANDSCAPE IN THE COUNTRY-—continued from page 59

They should be contrived to incise into the open spaces beyond the
house thereby reducing the force of the wind as a sort of baffle. This type of
planting is desirable aesthetically since it helps to relate the homestead
landscape to the farm landscape, especially if there are existing plantings
on the farm itself. An admixture of species is desirable particularly if
Eucalyptus and Acacias form the dominant top story vegetation. Ecologically
associated genera of a shrubby nature are important in the planting to
prevent excessive ground draught through the belt, but it must be appreciated
that a solid hedgerow barrier effect is less effective than an informal loose
planting in baffling the winds.

Once the major shelter plantings have been established the more
desirable plantings can be made nearer the house, the selection of which
will depend upon local conditions and personal choice, but again the
selection should be based upon hardiness of the material. Remember, a
well grown salt bush is infinitely more effective than o half dead rose!



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—LANDSCAPING Page 79—Vol. 5

In siting the actual garden plants there are one or two important points
to bear in mind.

The first is function. Ask yourself what you want the tree or shrub to
do. Do you want a shade tree summer and winter or just summer?

Do you want a specimen shrub to be walked around and admired or do
you need a screening group of shrubs to blot out a shed or garage?

In looking at it in this way one can begin to organise one’s thoughts.

The plant material can be grouped into 3 or 4 basic types:

1. Shade and ornamental trees.

2. Screen and shelter shrubs.

3. Ornamental and accent shrubs.

4. Ground covers.

These should be used for practical and physical purposes first and for
ornament second. Don’t forget that most plants are really ornamental
so that this aspect should be treated as a bonus.

With this new set of plant equipment one can now set about organising
one’s space.

All successful gardens have an element of surprise. This can only be
achieved by with-holding one’s view of some portion of the garden and
this is brought about by arranging visual barriers. These can be in the
form of walls, hedges, fences and groups of screening shrubs or combinations
of two or more of these.

By organizing these materials one is in a position to create as many
new spaces as one desires, the number and size of which will depend
entirely on the size of the garden itself and the effect one wishes to obtain,
but it must be stressed that these new spaces should always be well
proportioned. (Well proportioned spaces are usually where the width is in
excess of two thirds the length). The size of the space should also be
proportionate to the material used and the elements contained therein.
For want of a better description, the space should look “comfortable”. For
example, a home swimming pool would look ridiculous sitting out in a
fifty acre paddock, but if it were sited in one of these spaces that has
been especially made for it the result would be satisfactory. This would
have the element of surprise since one would come to it rather suddenly
if it were adequately screened.

While the aspect of surprise is important one should not run away
with the idea that there should be surprises around every corner! Simplicity
and unity are over-riding factors in all design and garden design is no
exception.

By organising plant material into strong groups and visual barriers
one simplifies the garden scheme.

By selecting the features that one desires most of all and arranging
the vegetation to enhance this feature the unity of the garden is most
likely guaranteed.

By spotting shrubs in lawns add lib and plastering the area with as many
features as possible, chaos will certainly be the result. In any event,
individual shrubs spotted in lawns increases maintenance while the effect is
always disappointing—it loses its punch!

A garden around the homestead of a farm offers far more opportunity
fer imagination and interest than one in a city. The farmer has much more
centrol over the overall landscape than a city dweller and with the sensible
use of indigenous trees he can make an impact of some consequence.



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Page 80—Vol. 5 _ AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—CULTIVATION March, 1969

GARDENING IN LOW RAINFALL REGIONS—continued from page 55

On flat areas and especially those which are subject to flooding
in times of heavy rain—assuming that the house has been built on high
foundations—it is worthwhile making the beds 6-12” higher than the
natural soil level.

A couple of other situations should be mentioned. Where a band of
ironstone or hardpan and broken sheet limestone or punctured rock lies a
few inches under the soil surface, it is worthwhile ripping this to increase
the potential root run of the plants. Hardpan can be particularly limiting
by preventing the roots from penetrating below it.

The other occasion is where salty soils are present. This is probably one
of the most limiting factors and although we know o few plants which
will grow in such places, ripping and increasing the depth of soil will
help. The raised beds will be gradually leached free from salt thus increasing
the root run. A costly but alternative method is to lay black polythene sheeting
before making up the beds but this cannot be considered wholly practical
for large areas. Less expensive is to dress the area of cultivated soil with
powdered gypsum using up to 2 Ib. per square yard or even more in
the case of clznser soils. If this can be watered immediately after application,
the sodium salts will be leached from the upper soil levels.

Pianting Sites

Regardless of the preparation given to the area overall, the actual
planting sites should be carefully treated. If the area has been ripped or
cultivated (except light soils), it will not be necessary to loosen the soail
further, but if this has not been done then an area 2 ft. square and 9-12”
deep (if the soil depth allows) should be turned over. Again more bush
trash and other organic matter should be incorporated throughout the
loosened area. It is also worth remembering that old straw, hay and even
very well composted animal manures can be used because our native
plants will tolerate such additions.

In dry areas it is unwise to place o thick layer of this material 9-15”
deep at the bottom of the planting hole. This material will only rot in the
presence of moisture. If water is not available to assist, this material can
remain as a dry layer, thus preventing roots from entering into -it.

In the experimental plantations which are under the control of the
Adelaide Botanic Garden, it has been found that at planting time, it is
beneficial to place into the planting hole a small handful of fortified
superphosphate before planting evergreens, Conifers excepted. These latter can
receive a dressing a year or so after planting and deciduous material if
used, can receive a dressing after bud burst.

Time of Planting

Two factors dictate when planting can be done—the incidence of
frost and whether there is a period of the year when rains can be expected.
There is no set rule of thumb when the actual time to plant. In some
low rainfall regions planting before the winter (say May to July) gives
excellent results. In others, because of the cold winters it is better to wait
until September. However, if rain can be expected regularly towards the
end of the year, planting should be completed before it arrives. To wait
until it rains often means that you are dealing with water soaked scil
which does not work easily nor can plants be properly set out.



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—CULTIVATION Page 81—Vol. 5

Whilst it is unwise to plant into boggy and puggy soil, it is also desirable
if planting into dry soil can be avoided. If some water is available, the
moistening of the planting site the day before is ideal.

Wherever frosts are heavy during the winter withhold planting until
after they can be reasonably expected to stop. Young plants are often
very susceptible to frost.

Ordering Plants

This should not be left until the last minute, but should be carried out
early in the season. Once conditions are suitable for planting or farm work
allows this to be carried out, it is of little use driving off to a nursery
and expecting to be able to obtain the selection you require, others will
have been there before you.

There is at least one nursery in each state which is specialising in
plants for dry regions and except for the unusual and uncommon plants,
most types are available, most certainly for initial planting. When the plants
do arrive, make sure that the soil is not dry. If so, give them an immediate
watering and keep the soil moist until planting.

It is worthwhile raising your own. This is a very simple operation. The
process and procedures have been detailed in this Journal and seed is
available from a number of places.

Planting Techniques

Because the area has been generally loosened, there is no need to
excavate large holes nor in any circumstances should these be made in
heavy soils and filled with lighter material. If this is done, they merely
become sumps which during the winter months and when filled with water
can cause considerable rotting of roots. A hole large enough merely to
accommodate the roots of the plant is required. This of course will vary
on the size of the root ball, but normally about 9” square and in similar
depth is all that is necessary.

Plants should always be removed from whatever container they are
growing in. In the case of pots, the plants should be turned upside down
with a hand over the soil and the pot given a sharp tap on the top of a
spade. This will allow the soil ball to be removed. After this is done, the
drainage material should be carefully removed and if necessary any roots
which are tightly coiled should be teased out.

For metal or wooden veneer tubes, these should be carefully opened
to prevent the soil ball from breaking. Fairly careful handling of these
will be necessary because they readily crumble. Some nurseries are now
using black plastic bags. The plants can be removed quite readily by
holding the bag at the bottom and gently squeezing out the plant.
Alternatively, the bag can be slit with a knife or a pair of scissors.

Planting

The technique fer planting is straight forward and simple. The too
of the root ball should be set an inch or so lower than the level of the soil
and therefore the hole may need to be either deepened or some soil placed
in the bottom of it to ensure that this is brought about. Where roots have
been teased out from the soil ball, these should be spread out and therefore
it may be necessary to excavate further soil to accommodate these.

After the depth has been decided on, the plant is placed in the hole
and the soil is gracdually placed over and around the roots and when a
depth of 2 or 3 inches has been replaced, this should be gently firmed with
the ball of the foot. Under no circumstances should the soil be rammed hard.



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Page 82—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—CULTIVATION March, 1969

Not only will this prevent air and water penetrating readily, but damage
to fine roots could occur.

Care after Planting

After planting it is worthwhile establishing a depressed area for a
cistance of about 18" around the plants. This ensures that if water is
given, then this is concentrated in the present area of the roots. However,
this saucer should not remain in position longer than the first year. At the
end of the first year season, it should be filled and a saucer in the
shape of a ring 18” to 2 ft. from the trunk of the tree should be
established. This should be 3 to 4 inches deep and 6-9” wide and if
possible filled with coarse gravel or pebbles. When water is to be applied
it should be appliec! to this area thus ensuring that the roots are gradually
spreading outward and seekina moisture from a greater area. Too often
saucers are left for several years. In dry regions this causes restricted root
growth which can be fatal to a tree should supplies of water become
unavailable to continue watering the plant or rainfall is well below average.

Whilst many authorities recommend staking the young plants this
is not desirable if it can be avoided. If the site is particularly windy
it is better to erect a screen 18" away from the plant. This can be in the
form of a half circle of wire netting over which hessian or brush is
placed or a half circle of tin, set at right angles to the prevailing wind.

However, if the plant is large and a stake is considered necessary to
prevent it moving and thus rubbing the bark at ground level, the stake
should be put in at an angle of about 30" at a point 12-15” away from
the base of the plant. The young plant then is tied in one position only,
namely where its stem co-incides with the angle of the stake. In all cases,
the stake should be removed if possible at the end of the first and not
later than the end of the second season.

Mulching is most important to newly established plants. If the saucer
is filled with creek gravel, this is an ideal medium. Alternatively black
plastic, opened paper cement bags or fertilizer bags can be used or even
jute bags.

The purpose of the mulching is to firstly conserve moisture and secondly
and possibly more importantly to prevent weed growth. If mulching cannot
be carried out in any form, then immediately after planting, one of the
pre-germinating herbicide sprays should be carefully applied for a distance
of 18” to 2 ft. all round the young plant. There are a number of these
chemicals on the market but thev must be used at strenaths recommend
by the manufacturer. Their purpose is to prevent seeds germinating. The
mechanics of the spray is to kill the young seedlings as they germinate
by preventing growth. Providing the soil surface is in no way disturbed, they
remain affective for periods up to two years. They will not destroy existing
vegetation i.e. perennial weeds nor will they destroy any annual growth,
therefore they must be applied to bare soil.

The removal of weeds is an essential matter in relation to the establish-
ment of plants whether they be in a garden, for a shrubbery for a windbreak
or for specimens in a lawn. Firstly, because of the removal of the moisture
from the soil thus competing with the young seedlings, secondly the removal
of plant foods which can have a serious affect on the young plants and
thirdly in the case of plantings which are in areas which could become a
fire hazard. The removal of weeds is necessarv to oprevent trash being



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS Page 83—Vol. 5

present at the base and surrounding the young plants which in the case
of a fire could destroy them.

Finally it is essential that all young plants be adequately protected
from both stock and vermin. The type of fencing to be erected will depend
on the nature of the stock and also the prevalence of vermin. For the
garcen, it is assumed that a proper stock proof fence will be erected
and a similar structure is required where plantings are made in various
parts of the farm to give shade, shelter and wind breaks.

NOTE

In the following lists tiees and shrubs listed for limey soils are suitable
for neutral and slightly acid soils but not the reverse. Likewise trees and shrubs
listed for heavy soils will usually grow in light or medium soils but not vice versa.

TREES FOR LIMEY SOILS

Acacia acuminata, Rasoberry Jam Wattle—Small tree 10-12 ft.. brownish green
foliage, deep yellow flowers.

A. aneura, Mulga—Rounded or. tall bush or small tree, grey foliage. yellow
flowers.

A. cyanophylla, Orange Wattle—Spreading smal! tree to 12 ft.. long bluish green
leaves, deep orange flowers.

A. loderi, Nealie—Similar to A. sowdenii, but broader leaves.

A. salicina, Broughton or Willow Wattle—Weeping tree to 15 ft.. thin foliage,
pale cream flowers.

A. saligna, Golden Wreath Wattle—Dense spreading small tree. 10-12 ft.. green
leaves, bright yellow flowers.

A. sowdenii, Western Myall—Young trees weeping, mature semi-erect, long thick
linear grey leaves, clear yellow flowers.

Brachychiton populneum, Kurrajong—Pyramidal tree to 20 ft.. glossy green
leaves, pale pink bell shaped flowers in pendulous clusters.

Cullitris preissii, Murray Pine—Stately conical grey or green foliaged tree to

15-20 ft.

Casuarina cunninghamiana, River Oak—Tall conical tree to 25 ft., deep green
foliage.

C. cristata, Black Oak—Somewhat stiffly branched tree, black green foliage. 10-15
ft

C. ¢lauca, Swamn Oak or Grey Bulloak—Tall sombre tree 20-25 ft., often suckering
grey-green toliage, shelter.

C. littoralis (suberosa), Black Sheoak—Unright attractive tree 15-20 ft., dark
areen foliage, red topred in Spring.

Fucalyptus brockwayi, Dundas Mahogany—Tree 20-30 ft., smooth salmon bark,

shiny green leaves, white flowers.

E. cladocalyx, Sugar Gum—Tall tree, clean trunk, 30-40 ft. high, shiny leaves.
cream flowers.

E. cladocalyx v. nana, Dwarf Sugar Gum—Small bushy compact branching tree
10-15 ft., useful for low shelter.

E. dielsii, Diel's Mallee—Small bushy tree 12-15 ft., cream flowers.

E. diptera, Two-winged Gimlet—Small tree 15 ft., narrow thick leaves, greenish
vellow flowers.

E. diversifolia, Soap Mallee—Mallee, grey trunks, thick deep green leaves, cream
flowers, 12-15 ft.

E. eremophila, Tall Sand Gum—Compact small tree or mallee, thin leaves, long
greenish cream or pink flowers in stalked groups.

E. falcata, White Mallet—Small tree 15-20 ft., smooth dazzled bark. dark green
leaves, white flowers.

E. forrestiana, Fuchsia Gum—There are two forms (1) Small tree, 8-10 ft.
densely foliaged, reddish green leaves, flowers yellow, red 4 winged receptacles,
long operculum. (2) Smaller, more spreading, but short rounded operculum.

E. gardneri, Blue Mallet—Tree 15-20 ft., smooth silvery brown trunk. bluish
foliage, long greenish flowers.

E. gracilis, Yorrell—Mallee or small tree, rough bark, thin leaves, white flowers.

E. intertexta, Coolabah—Tree 20-25 ft., rough or smooth trunk, sparse foliage,
small white flowers.

E. leucoxylon, S.A. Blue Gum—Attractive spreading tree. grey, vellow and white

bark, large cream flowers, 20-30 ft. high.



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Page 8§4—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS March, 1969

E. leucoxvlon v. rosea—Smaller than above, large red flowers, also, vellow,
orange, deep pink flowers.

E. oleosa—Forms often glaucous, small trees 10-15 ft., floriferous, cream flowers.

E. salmonophloia, Salmon Gum—Beautiful tall tree, bark salmon and smooth,
shiny, small leaves, small cream flowers.

E. steedmannii, Steedman’s Gum—Attractive bushy small tree, deep green shiny

E

leaves, cream flowers, 4 winged fruits.

- stoatei, Pear Gum—~Erect compact small tree 10-15 ft., thick roundish leaves,
flowers vyellow, fruits pear shaped, red, rough.

E. stricklandii, Yellow Flowering Gum—Spreading open tree, 15-20 ft., large
thick leaves, large yellow flowers in clusters.

E. rorquata, Pink Gum—Neat rough barked hardy tree 10-15 ft., thick leaves,
attractive sculptured buds, pink flowers.

Fucalvpius  “Torwood” Hybrid Pink  Gum—Tall  vigorous well furnished
tree, cream, vyellow or red flowers.

Geijera parviflora, Wilga—Attractive broad conical tree, long narrow leaves, flowers
small.

Melaleuca armillaris, Bracelet Honey Myrtle—Densely branched attractive tall
shrub, cream flowers.

M. halmaturorum, Kangaroo Is. Paperbark—Paper bark, spreading dense tree, 10-15
ft, small grey foliage, white flowers.

Pirtosporum  phylliraeoides, Weeping Pittosporum—Attractive pendulous open tree,
thin toliage, cream flowers, orange fruits.

TREES FOR HEAVY SOILS (not Limey)

Acacia acuminata, Gold Dust Wattle—see previous list.

A. cambagei, Gidgee—Bushy small rough barked tree 10-15 ft., grey narrow
foliage, cream flowers.

A. cardiophyvlla, Wyalong Wattle—Small bushy tree 10-12 ft., feather like foliage
with small leaflets, flowers bright yellow.

A. harpophylla, Brigalow—Upright tree, 20-25 ft.

4. normalis, Queen Wattle—Ornamental tree, 15-20 ft., bright green feathery foliage.
pale vellow blossoms.

4. pendula, Weeping Myall. Attractive tree up to 20 ft., pendulous branches, bluish
narrow foliage, small flowers.

A. salicina, Broughton Wattle—see previous list.

Callistemon salignus, Willow Bottlebrush—Upright tree 15-20 ft., new growths
pink, cream flowers.

Casuarina cristata and glauca—see previous list.

C. luehmannii, Bulloak—Tall somewhat spreading tree to 25 ft., dark foliage.

Eucalyptus astringens, Brown Mallet—Erect tree 35-40 ft., light brownish bark,
shiny leaves, cream flowers.

E. brockwayi, Dundas Mahogany—see previous list.

E. caesia, Gungurra—Most attractive graceful small tree to 15 ft., brown shiny
bark, twigs whitish-purple, glaucous leaves, rose pink fis.

E. campaspe, Silver Topped Gimlet—Neat hardy tree, 15-20 ft., silvery branches
and leaves, cream flowers.

E. cladocalyx and E. cladocalyx v. nana—see previous list.

E. cneorifolia, Kangaroo Island Mallee—Small tree or mallee to 20 ft., deep
green narrow leaves, cream flowers.

E. dielsii—see previous list.

E. dundasii, Dundas Blackbutt—Erect tree 25-30 ft., upper trunk smooth, reddish
brown, green leaves, white flowers.

E. eremophila, Tall Sand Gum—see previous list.

E. erythrocorys, Red Cap Gum—Attractive, white trunked small tree to 15 f1.
clossy green leaves, spectacular large yellow flowers 3" diam., red caps.

E. eryvthronema, Lindsay Gum—Neat, free flowering white trunked small tree to
10 ft., glossy leaves, red flowers.

E. falcata, White Mallet—see previous list.

E. cooperana (flocktoniae), Merritt—Mallee or shapely small tree 15-20 ft.,
shiny leaves, abundant deep cream flowers.

E. forrestiana and E. gardneri—see previous list.

E. gillii, Curly Mallee—Somewhat gnarled small tree 15 ft., blue cordata foliage,
white flowers.

E. hemiphloia, Grey Box—Erect tree to 35 ft., rough bark, greyish foliage, white

flowers.



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS Page 85—Vol. 5

E. lansdowneana, Crimson Mallee Box—Mallee or small bushy tree to 12 ft,
green foliage, colour range of flowers from cream to purple.

E. largiflorens, Black Box—Vigorous rough barked tree 30 ft.. dull narrow
foliage.

E. leucoxylon and E. leucoxylon ‘Rosea’—see previous list.

E. lehmannii, Bushy Yate—Low bushy tree 10-15 ft., yellow green foliage. flowers
long, green in tight heads.

E. maculata, Spotted Gum—Beautiful tree, 25-30 ft., dappled grey bark. broad green
foliage, white flowers, frost tender whilst young.

E. nutans, Red Flowering Moort—Small bushy tree 10-15 ft., rounded leaves,
flowers nodding, cream to crimson in colour.

E. occidentalis, Swamp Yate—Tall tree 30-35 ft., with rough grey bark, large
vellow flowers.

E. platypus, Round Leaf Moort—Compact, vigorous small tree to 15 ft., thick
rounded leaves, greenish yellow flowers.

E. salmonophloia—see previous list.

E. salubris, Gimlet—Neat tree to 20 ft., fluted trunk, smooth shiny greenish
red bark, dark olive green leaves, whitish flowers.

E. sargentii, Salt River Gum—Medium sized tree to 20 ft., smooth.

E. spathulata, Swamp Mallet—Small attractive bushy trees 15-20 ft., erect narrow
bluish leaves, cream flowers.

E. steedmannii, E. stoatei, E. stricklandii, E. torquata, Eucalyptus hybrid "Torwood —
see previous list,

" wandoo (redunca v. elata), Wandoo—Tall straight white trunked tree, 35-45 ft

woodwardii, Lemon Flowered Gum—Small tree 10-15 ft., whitish trunk, semu

pendulous branches, foliage whitish, broad, thick, showy yellow flowers in

clusters.

Ficus macrophylla, Moreton Bay Fig—Robust spreading tree 35-40 ft.. broad
brownish green leaves, frost tender when young.

Lagunaria patersonii, Pyramid Tree—Erect broad conical tree 25-30 ft., grey
green foliage, pink hibiscus like flowers.

Melaleuca armillaris—see previous list.

M. lanceolata, Dryland Tea Tree—Small tree, spreading habit 10-15 ft., deep
green leaves, white flowers.

Pittosporum undulatum, Sweet Pittosporum—Bushy, shady tree 15-20 ft., large
oval pointed shiny leaves, scented flowers in bunches.

P. phylliracoides, Native Apricot—see previous list.

TREES—LIGHT NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ACID SOILS—NOT SALINE

Acacia aneura, Mulga—See Trees for Limey Soils.

A. brachystachya, Umbrella Mulga—Similar to A. aneura, with shorter spikes
of flowers.

A. excelsa, Wallowa, wood—Tall tree 25-30 ft.,, curved broad pointed leaves,
cream flowers.

A. homalophylla, Yarran—Small spreading tree 10-15 ft., narrow curved leaves,
deep cream flowers.

A. pendula, A. salicina, A. sowdenii—see previous list.

Bawhinia carronii, Queensland Ebony—Umbrageous tree 20-25 ft., twin leaves

Brachychiton gregori, Desert Kurrajong—Open spreading tree 15-20 ft.. smooth
greenish trunk, forked leaves, creamy flowers in bunches.

B. populneum, Kurrajong—See Trees for Limey Soils.

Casuarina cunninghamiana, C. cristata, C. lehmannii—See Trees for Limey Soils

C. columnellaris (glauca), White Cypress Pine—Small attractive dense conical
tree 15-20 ft., green or glaucous foliage.

C. calcarata, Black Cypress Pine—Erect dark green pyramidal conifer 20-40 ft

C. preissii—See Trees for Limey Soils.

Erythrina vespertillio, Batswing Coral Tree—Medium spreading tree 20-25 ft.,
pointed lobed leaves, flowers orange housed in spikes.

Eucalyptus brockwayi, E. dundasii, E. forrestiana, E. gardneri, E. largiflorens—See

previous list.
TREES—LIGHT TO MEDIUM NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ACID SOILS—NOT
SALINE

Acacia aneura—see Trees for Limey Soils.
A. brachystachya—Similar to A. anewra, with shorter spikes of flowers.



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Page 86—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS March, 1969

A. excelsa, Wallowa, Ironwood—Tall tree 25-30 ft., curved broad pointed leaves,
cream flowers.

A. homalophylla, Yarran—Small spreading tree 10-15 ft., narrow curved leaves,
deep cream flowers.

A. pendula, A. salicina, A. sowdenii—see previous lists.

Bauhinia carronii, Queensland Ebony—Umbrageous tree 20-25 ft., twin leaves.

Brachychiton gregori, Desert Kurrajong—Open spreading tree 15-20 ft., smooth
greenish trunk, forked leaves, creamy flowers in bunches.

B. populneum—See trees for Limey Soils.

Casuarina cunninghamiana, C. cristata, C. lehmannii—see borevious lists.

Callitris columellaris (glauca), White Cypress Pine—Small attractive dense conical
tree 15-20 ft., green or glaucous foliage.

C. endlicheri (calcarata), Black Cypress Pine, Red Cypress Pine
tree to 20 ft., green foliage.

C. preissii (propinqua), Murray Pine—See Trees for Limey Soils.

Eryvthrina vespertillio, Batswing Coral Tree—Medium spreading tree 20-25 ft.,
pointed lobed leaves, flowers orange-brown in spikes.

Eucalyptus brockwayi—See Trees for Limey Soils.

E. desmondensis—Glaucous mallee 10-15 ft., white bark, cream flowers.

E. dielsi, Diel's Mallee—Small tree 15-20 ft., long thick shiny leaves, cream
flowers.

E. dundasii—See previous list.

Eucalyptus eximia, Yellow Bloodwood—Tree to 20 ft., yellow, scaly bark, large
falcate leaves, large white flowers.

E. forrestiana, E. gardneri, E. largiflorens—See previous lists.

E. longicornis—Tall rough barked tree to 50 ft., dark green shiny foliage, white
flowers.

E. macranda—Graceful small tree 10-15 ft., roundish leaves, long greenish flowers.

E

E

Attractive conical

. megacornuta, Warty Yate—Vigorous grower 20-25 ft., dark green shiny leaves,
warty long cap, greenish yellow flowers.

. microtheca, Coolabah—FErect, often gnarled, 30-40 ft., grey green foliage, white

flowers.

papuana, Gost Gum—Graceful atractive tree to 40 ft., white bark, light green

foliage, white flowers.

E. pilligaensis, Narrow-leaf Box—Slender tree to 30 ft., rough barked, white
flowers.

E. salmonophloia, E. salubris, E. stricklandii, E. torquata, E. hybrid ‘Torwood—
See other lists.

Geigera parviflora—See Trees for Limey Soils.

Melaleuca halmaturorum, M. lanceolatum—See other lists.

TREES FOR SUB-SALINE SOILS

Casuarina cristata, C. glauca, C. littoralis (suberosa)—See Trees for Limey Soils.

Eucalyptus amplifolia—Tree 20-30 ft., mottled bark, long leaves, white flowers.

E. astringens, Brown Mallet—See Trees for Heavy Soils.

E. conglobata, Port Lincoln Mallee—Medium mallee 15 ft., smooth bark, thick
leaves, white flowers.

E. diptera—Small tree 15-20 ft., fluted trunk, thick shiny leaves, cream flowers.

E

E

I

. incrassata—Mallee to 15 ft., heavy foliage, cream flowers ,ribbed capsules.
kirtoniana, Bog Gum—Medium tree 25-30 ft., narrow leaves, white or pink
flowers.

E. kondininensis, Stocking Tree
green leaves, cream flowers.

E. largiflorens, E. occidentalis, E. sargentii, E. spathulata—See Trees for Heavy
Soils.

Melaleuca  halmaturorum, M. lanceolata—See other lists.

SHRUBS FOR SANDY OR LIGHT LIMEY AND CALCAREOUS SOILS

Acacia brachybotrya, Grey Mulga—Wide spreading., round grey leaf, 8-10 ft.,
vellow flowers.

A. burkerntii—Spreading, long green leaf, bright vyellow finger inflorescence.

A. calamifolia, Wallowa—Shapely spreading bush 6-8 ft., bright green leaves,
vellow flowers.

A. continua, Thorny Wattle—Rigid, sparse prickly bush 3 ft., large vyellow
flowers.

Attractive tree umbrella crown, 20-25 ft., deep



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS Page 87—Vol. 5

A. dodonaefolia—Large spreading bush 8-10 ft., dark green striking foliage,
yvellow flowers.

A. farinosa, Mealy Wattle—Small compact bush 4 ft., thick greyish leaves, small
flowers.

A. glandulicarpa, Gland Wattle—Spreading and dense bush 5 ft.. small leaves.
golden flowers.

A. hakeoides, Hakea Wattle—Dense soreading bush to 6 ft.. floriferous, vellow
flowers.

A. iteaphylla, Flinders Range Wattle—Graceful, dense, spreading bush &-10 ft.,
bluish foliage, pale yellow balls in spikes.

A. microbotrya, Manna Wattle—Drought tolerant, quick growing shrub to 12 ft.
large leaves, pale flowers.

A. montana, Mallece Wattle—Snreading viscid bush to 6 ft.. medium foliage.
vellow flowers.

A. notabilis, Flinders Wattle—Snectacular flowering shrub to 6 ft., long stiff
foliage, bright yellow flowers.

A. ringens, Nealie—Bushy shrub 4-6 ft.. grey needle foliage, yellow flowers.

A. trineura, Hindmarsh Wattle—Tall spreading shrub to 10 ft., dark green leaves.
vellow flowers.

A. verniciflua, Varnish Wattle—Attractive shrub to 10 ft., sticky foliage, vellow
flowers.

A. victoriae, Elegant Wattle—Tall branched spring shrub to 10 ft., green or bluish
foliage, floriferous pale tlowers.

A. warttsiana, Gladstone Wattle—Attractive shrub to 8 ft., green leaves, bright
vellow flowers.

Atriplex nummularia, Old Man Salt Bush—Bushy or erect shrub to 6 ft., grey
foliage.

Callistemon macropunctatus, Scarlet Bottlebrush—Dense shrub to 8 ft., stiff pointed
leaves, “brushes” scarlet, vellow tipped, up to 4" long.

C. phoeniceus, Fiery Bottlebrush—Open spreading bush to 8 ft.. grey foliage,
rich scarlet flowers.

C. rigidus, Stiff Bottlebrush—Dense shrub to 6-8 ft., with sharp foliage. blood red
flowers.

C. teretifolia, Bearded Bottlebrush—Low spreading shrub to 5 ft., needle-like
bearing, crimson flowers.

Calytrix tetragona, Fringe Myrtle—Small bush to 4 ft., white or pink star-shaped
flowers, small leaves.

Cassia artemisioides, Silver Cassia—Silvery leaved shrub to 5 ft., bright vyellow
flowers.

C. nemophila (eremophila), Desert Cassia—Thin green leaved shrub to 6 ft.,
vellow flowers.

C. sturtii, Dense Cassia—Spreading bushy shrub to 8 ft., green leaves, vellow
flowers.

Correa pulchella (neglecta)—Attractive small shrub 2-4 ft., ovate shaped leaves,
flowers pale red, tubular.

Dodonaea attenuata, Slender Hop Bush—Somewhat erect shrub 4-6 ft.. foliage
purplish, fruits red and yellow.

D. cuneata, Wedge Leaved Hop Bush—Spreading shrub to 6 ft.. short foliage.
bronze fruits.

D. microzyga, Brilliant Hop Bush—Rigid branched bush to 6 ft., small leaves,
bright red fruits.

Eremophila snecies, Emu Bushes—Various 2-8 ft., floriferous with white, oink, blue,
und red tubular flowers.

Eucalyptus desmondensis, E. cooperana (flocktoniae)—See other lists.

E. foecunda, Fremantle Mallee—Small mallee, narrow dark green foliage, white
flowers.

E. grossa, Phillips River Gum—Compact or spreading bush to 8 ft., thick, broad
shiny leaves, greenish yellow flowers.

E. kruseana, Kruse’s Mallee—Neat compact bush to 8 ft., with bluish leaves and
vellow flowers.

E. longicornis and E. oleosa and forms—See other lists.

E. orbifolia, Round Leaf Mallee—Small blue leaved bush to 10 ft., pale yellow
flowers.

E. pileata, Ravensthorpe Mallee—Densely branched mallee to 8 ft., thick glossy
leaves, cream flowers.



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Page 88—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS March, 1969

E. pyriformis, Ooldea Mallee—Open shrub (sometimes a tree) to 10 ft., thick
leaves, large cream or red flowers.

E. websteriana, Webster’'s Mallee—Small green or blue leaved bush to 8 ft., vellow
flowers.

Grevillea  lavandulacea, Lavender Grevillea—Small usually spreading green or
silvery leaved bush, red flowers.

G . nematophylla, Waterbush— Tall open bush to 10 ft., long grey foliage and
trunk, heads of cream flowers.

Hakea francisiana (multilineata), Pink Bottlebrush Hakea
long narrow grey leaves, spikes of pink flowers.

H. laurina, Pincushion Hakea—Large shrub (small tree) to 12 ft., broad green leaves,
globular heads of red flowers.

H. nodosa, Yellow Hakea—Bushy shrub 4-6 ft., short sharp foliage, vellow flowers.

H. petiolaris, Silver Leaf Hakea—FErect shrub 8-10 ft., stiff rounded serrated grey
leaves, globular heads of yellow, cream and pink flowers.

H. sulcata and H. subsulcata—Bushy shrub 6-8 ft., long thin needle-like leaves,
pink or lilac flowers.

Hibiscus huegeli, Lilac Hibiscus—Somewhat open shrub to 8 ft., green lobed leaves,
large open lilac flowers.

Lasiopetalum species, Velvet Bush—Compact shrubs to 3 ft., soft grey green
leaves. flowers in spring under the leaves.

Melaleuca acuminata, Creamy Honey Myrtle—Roundish bush to 6 ft., small
leaves, white flowers, long stems.

M. decussata, Cross Leaf Honey Myrtle—Neat bush to 6 ft., small leaves, mauve
flowers in brushes.

Melaleuca incana, Grey Honey Myrtle—Grey leaved graceful shrub to 6 ft., vellow
flowers.

M. longifolia, Long Claw Paperbark—Attractive shrub 6-8 ft., tapering green
leaves, red brushes. Previously known as M. macronycha.

M. megacephala, Large Flowered Honey Myrtle—Compact spreading bush 6-8 fi.,
rounded leaves, yellow flowers in terminal heads.

M. nesophila, Showy Honey Myrtle—Attractive bush to 10 ft., rounded shiny
leaves, lilac flowers in heads.

M. pauperiflora—Spreading bush with papery bark to 8 ft., short round leaves,
white flowers in terminal heads.

M. uncinata, Broom Honey Myrtle—Erect shrub 6-8 ft., thin hooked leaves, cream
flowers.

M. wilsonii, Crimson Honey Myrtle—Spreading bush 4-5 ft., short foliage, bright
purplish red flowers.

Myoporum viscosum, Sticky Boobyalla—Compact shrub to 8 ft., sticky green
leaves, white and purple spotted flowers.

Olearia muelleri—Low oven shrub to 3 ft., greyish leaves, white daisy flowers.

Phebalum bullatum, Yellow Phebalium—Attractive shrub to 3 ft., silvery narrow
leaves, bright yellow star-shaped flowers.

P. glandulosum, Desert Phebalium—Broad spreading 2-3 ft. shrub, bright vellow
flowers.

Prostanthera aspalathoides, Scarlet Mint Bush—Low compact bush 1-2 ft., soft
aromatic small foliage, red or yellow flowers.

P. striatiflora—Erect bush to 4 ft.,, narrow green leaves, large white, purple
streaked flowers.

Swainsona species, Darling Peas—Low spreading or erect grey or green leaved
plants, sprays of pink, lilac, purple pea flowers.

Templetonia retusa—Sturdy green leaved bush 4-6 ft.,, heads of long red pea
shaped flowers.

Westringia species—Compact low shrubs to 4 ft., small grey foliage, white or lilac
flowers.

SHRUBS—FOR HEAVY SOILS—NOT LIMEY

Acacia acinacea, Gold Dust Wattle—Attractive shrub 4-6 ft., arched branches, small
round leaves, bright yellow flowers.

A. brachybotrya, A. calamifolia—See previous list.

A. cardiophylla, Wyalong Wattle—Beautiful shrub 8-10 tt., arched branches, feathery
foliage, yellow flowers.

A. continua, Thorny Wattle—See previous list.

A. cyanophylla, Orange Wattle—Robust spreading tall shrub 8-10 ft., long bluish
leaves, large orange vyellow flowers.

Erect shrub 8-10 ft.,

-



@@@ 41 @@@



March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS Page 89—Vol. 5

4. cyclops, W.A. Coastal Wattle—Spreading bush 6-8 ft., narrow leaves, vellow
flowers.

A. farinosa, Mealy Wattle—See previous list.

4. gladiiformis—Erect sturdy bush 8-10 ft., rigid narrow curved leaves, vellow
flowers in sprays.

4. glandulicarpa, Witchetty Bush—Rounded bush 4-6 ft., short leaves, vellow
flowers.

4. ligulata, Small Cooba—Rounded shrub 6-8 ft., thick narrow leaves. bright
vellow flowers.

4. longifolia, Sallow Wattle
flowers in spikes.

4. microbotrya, A. montana, A. notabilis—See orevious list.

4. oswaldii, Miljee—Stiff divaricate shrub 8-10 ft., rigid pointed leaves, pale
flowers.

A. podalyriifolia, Qld. or Mt. Morgan Wattle—Attractive blue leaved shrub to 10 ft..
bright yellow flowers.

4. pycnantha, Golden Wattle—FErect large leaved shrub 6-8 ft., bright vellow
flowers in large panicles.

4. retinoides, Wirrilda—Erect shrub to 10 ft., long thin leaves, vellow flowers in
heads.

A. rigens, Nealie—See previous list.

4. saligna, Golden Wreath Wattle—Vigorous soreading large shrub to 10 ft., long
green leaves, bright yellow flowers.

4. stenophylla, Eumung—Handsome willowy shrub to 6 ft., long narrow leaves.
cream flowers.

4. subulata, Awl Leaf Wattle—Shrub to 10 ft., long narrow leaves, vellow flowers.

4. rrineura, A. verniciflua—See previous list.

A. vestita, Hairy Wattle—Very graceful floriferous shrub 6-8 ft., small triangular
leaves, bright yellow flowers.

4. victoriae, A. wattsiana—See previous list.

4lvogyne hakeifolia, Red-throat Hibiscus—Beautiful sparse shrub 6 ft., narrow
lobed leaves, large open rosy violet flowers.

Brachysema lanceolata, Swan River Pea—Spreading shrub 3-4 ft., green silver
backed leaves, bright red flowers.

Callistemon citrinus, Crimson Bottlebrush—Large shrub 8-10 ft., narrow leaves.
deep red brushes.

C. lilacinus, Lilac Bottlebrush—Large bush 6-8 ft., narrow pointed leaves, purplish
brushes.

C. macropunctatus, C. phoeniceus, C. rigidus, C. teretifolius—See previous list.

Calothamnus quadrifidus, Crimson Net Bush—Compnact attractive shrub 6-8 ft..
small narrow dense foliage, red flowers.

Cassia artemisioides, Silver Cassia—See previous list.

C. desolata—Similar to above but larger foliage and flowers.

Correa pulchella (neglecta)—See previous list.

C. reflexa, Common Correa—Compact plant 3-5 ft., small rounded leaves, red
tubular flowers.

Dodonaea attenuata, D. cuneata, D. microzyga—See previous list.

Eremophila species—See previous list.

Eucalyptus grossa, Coarse Flowered Mallee—See previous list.

E. preissiana, Bell-fruited Mallee—Open shrub 6-8 ft., thick oval leaves, large
yellow flowers.

Gossypium sturtianum, Sturt’'s Desert Rose—Rounded bush 4-6 ft., heart shaped
leaves, large open lavender flowers.

Grevillea aquifolia, Holly Grevillea—Spreading shrub 3-5 ft., holly like leaves,
red tooth brush flowers.

G. lavandulacea—See previous list.

G. thelemanniana, Spider Net Grevillea—Attractive thin leaved shrub 3-5 ft., red
flowers.

Hakea elliptica, Oval Leaf Hakea—Tall shrub 8-10 ft., oval leaves, golden brown
when young, creamy flowers.

H. laurina, Pincushion Hakea—See previous list.

H. leucoptera, Needle Bush—Rigid bush 8-10 ft., grey needle-like leaves, white
flowers.

H. petiolaris, Silver Leaf Hakea—See previous list.

Tall spreading shrub 8-10 ft.. long leaves, vellow



@@@ 42 @@@



Page 90—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS March, 1959

Hardenbergia violacea, Native Lilac—Usually spreading shrub 2-4 ft., oval leaves
pink, white, or purple flowers in sprays.

Melaleuca crassifoliae—Somewhat soreading, 3-5 ft., small foliage, mauve heads.

M. huegelii, Chenille Honey Myrtle—Tall shrub 10-12 ft., fine dark green leaves,
long brushes of white flowers.

M. hypericifolia, Hillock Bush—Comract bush 6-8 ft., small oval foliage. red
brushes.

M. incana, Grey Honey Myrtle—See orevious list.

M. laterita, Robin Red Breast—Tall shrub 8-10 ft., fine foliage, ocrange red
bottlebrushes.

M. laxiflora—See M. crassifolia.

M. longifolia, M. nesophila, M. paupcrifolia—See previous list.

M. pulchella, Claw Flowered Honey Myrtle—Beautiful small shrub, small leaves,
flowers, claw like mauve.

M. steedmanii, Steedman’s Honey Myrtle—Lovely small shrub 4-6 ft., oval leaves,
mauve red brushes, yellow tipped.

Myoporum montanum, Water Bush—Compact tall shrub 8-10 ft., narrow leaves,
small white flowers.

M. platycarpum, Sugar Bush—Compact but later oven shrub 10-12 ft., narrow
leaves, white flowers.

SHRUBS—NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ACID—MEDIUM LOAM

Acacia acinacea, A. brachybotrya, A. calamifolia, A. cardiophylla—See previous
list.

A. craspedocarpa, Broad Leaf Mulga
vellow flowers in spikes.

A. cvclops, A. dodonaefolia, A. glandulicarpa, A. iteaphylla, A. longifolia—See
previous list.

A. merrallii, Mallee Wattle—Blue leaved shrub to 6 ft., yellow flowers.

A. montana, A. microbotryva, A. rigens, A. trineura—See previous list.

Alvogyne hakeifolia, Red Throat Hibiscus—See oprevious list.

Banksia ornata, Desert Banksia—Stiff spreading shrub, thick grey scented leaves,
large heads of pale yellow flowers.

Callistemon rigidus, C. teretifolia—See vrevious lists.

Calothamnus—See previous lists.

Calytrix tetragona, Fringe Myrtle—See shrubs, calcareous soils.

Cassia artemisioides, Silver Cassia—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Correa pulchella (neglecta)—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Eremophila species—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Eucalyptus crucis, Southern Cross Silver Mallee—Decorative large shrub, lilac
foliage, vellow flowers. See colour plate on page 96.

E. grossa, E. kruseana—See shrubs—calcareous soiis.

E. mitrata—Small mallee 6 ft. +, thick long foliage, large cream flowers.

E. orbifolia—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

E. macrocarpa, Rose of the West—Outstanding attractive soreading shrub, blue
leaves, very large deep pink flowers.

E. pimpiniana—Bush 6-8 ftt., thick leaves, ornamental buds, cream flowers.

E. preissiana, Bell Fruited Mallee—See previous list.

E. stowardii—White trunked small mallee 6-10 ft., large leaves, cream flowers.

E. tetragona, White Leaf Marlock—Tall shrub, silvery foliage, white flowers.

E. websteriana, Webster's Mallee—See shrubs, calcareous soils.

Dodonaea attenuata, D. cuneata, D. microzyga—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Eutaxia microphylla—Small neat shrub 3-4 ft., sometimes spiny, small leaves,
orange and brown flowers.

Gossypium sturtianum, Sturt’s Desert Rose—See previous list.

Grevillea aspera, Olive Leaf Grevillea—Neat bush 4-5 ft., olive like leaves, red
and yellow flowers.

G . bipinnatifidla—Broad soreading shrub 3-5 ft., heavy fern like leaves, red
flowers in clusters.

G. lavandulacea—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Hakea bucculenta—Attractive erect bush 8-10 ft., narrow green leaves, spikes of
red flowers.

H. francisiana, H. laurina, H. petiolaris—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

H. purpurea, Qld. Crimson Hakea—Attractive rigid shrub, needle leaves, purplish
crimson flowers.

H. sulcata and H. subsulcata—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Rounded neat bush 6-8 ft., grey oval leaves,



@@@ 43 @@@



March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR DRY AREAS Page 91—Vol. 5

Hibiscus huegelii, Lilac Hibiscus—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Lasiopetalum species—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Leptospermum coriaceum, Green Tea Tree—Grey leaved spreading shrub 6-8 ft.

Melaleuca armillaris, Bracelet Honey Myrtle—Graceful tall shrub 10-12 ft.

Melaleuca crassifolia, M. decussata, M. hypericifolia, M. laxiflora, M. longifolia,
M. nesophila, M. pauperifolia, M. pulchella—See previous list.

Phebalium species—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Scaevola species, Fan Flowers—Spreading low shrubs, 1-2 ft., flowers fan shaped,
white, lilac, blue.

Templetonia retusa—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Westringia species—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

SHRUBS FOR MEDIUM SALINE SOILS

4cacia cyclons—See shrubs—heavy soils.

Atriplex cinerea, Grey Salt Bush—Spreading grey leaved bush 3-4 fi.

A. nummularia—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Calocephalus brownii, Cushion Bush—Compact low grey shrub, yellow flowers.

Correa alba, White Correa—Low 1-2 ft., brown/green leaves, white star flowers.

frankenia species—Mat like plants to small shrubs 1 ft., pink flowers.

Muchlenbeckia adpressa, Climber—Heart-shaped leaves, small yellow flowers.

Myoporum insulare, Boobyalla—Shrub to 10 ft., large green leaves, white flowers.

M. parvifolium, Creeping Boobyalla—Prostrate, small foliage, white flowers.

Scaevola crassifolia, Coastal Fan Flower—Shrub to 2 ft., rounded leaves, blue flowers.

ROCKERIES—AIiso for edging

Acacia bynoeana, Dwarf Nealie—See A. wilhelmiana.

A. colletioides, Wait-a-While—Excellent prostrate plant, prickly foliage, floriferous.

A. farinosa, Mealy Wattle—Low compact shrub with yellow flowers.

A. wilhelmiana—Compact dwarf bush to 3 ft., green leaves, bright yellow flowers.

Ajuga australis, Austral Bugle—Perennial, broad grey foliage, spikes of blue flowers.

Baeckia crassifolia, Heath Myrtle—Dwarf shrub, minute leaves, pink flowers.

Brachycome multifida, Rock Daisy—12-15 ins., finely divided leaves, lilac flowers.

Burtonia foliosa—Small bush 9-127 high.

Calostemma luteum, Yellow Garland Lily—Bulb, daffodil like foliage and heads
of yellow flowers, 17 diameter.

C. purpureum—Bulb, smaller than the above, with rosy purple flowers.

Carpobrotus species, Noon Flower (Pig Face)—Prostrate plant with large erect
succulent leaves and large pink flowers.

Cassia revoluta—Semi-prostrate plant, compound leaves, yellow flowers.

Clianthus formosus, Sturt’s Desert Pea—Most colourful prostrate plant, grey foliage,
startling red, black, blotched flowers. See cover colour plate.

Correa neglecta and C. reflexa, Native Fuchsias—Excellent low growing plants
with red tubular flowers.

Dampiera lanceolata and other species—Colourful dwarf shrubs, blue flowers.

Dichondra repens, Kidney Weed—Prostrate creeper with kidney shaped leaves.

Disphyma australe, Australian Noon Flower—Prostrate succulent, small cylindrical
leaves, pink flowers.

Eremophila crassifolia—Small compact bush, closely set leaves, purple flowers.

E. maculata, Spotted Emu Bush—Semi-prostrate hardy plants, narrow leaves vellow
or red spotted flowers.

Eutaxia microphylla—See shrubs for acid loam.

Frankenia species—See previous list.

Goodenia varia—Low creening shrub, roundish leaves, vellow flowers.

Grevillea ilicifolia, Holly Leaf Grevilleas—Some forms are prostrate, holly shaped
leaves, red flowers.

G. lavandulacea—Some forms are semi-prostrate, silvery leaves, red flowers.

G. biternata (tridentifera)—FExcellent bright green leaved plant, cream flowers.

Halgania species—Compact blue flowering shrub, deep green foliage.

Isotoma axillaris (petraca), Rock Isotoma—Attractive cut leaved nlant with
large lobelia like and lilac flowers.

Kunzea pomifera, Muntries—Prostrate small leaved plant, large white flowers.

Lasiopetalum species—See shrubs—calcareous soils.

Lotus australia, Austral Trefoil—Small sub-shrub 9-157, trefoil leaf, white or
pink flowers in heads.

Mimulus repens, Creeping Monkey Flower—Mat-like plant, small foliage, purple
musk like flowers.

(Continued on page no. 95)



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Page 92—Vol. 5  AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—NURSERYMEN March, 1969

PRESERVATION BY CULTIVATION

FLORALANDS

KARIONG, via GOSFORD, N.S.W.

A large wariety of the most popular native plants at nursery.
PHONE: Gosford 21142 P. J. PARRY

AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS
GOOD SELECTION ADVANCED & SEMI-ADVANCED PLANTS AT
DENOVAN’S NURSERY — 77-8891
188 Marcoe Avenue, Panania, N.S.W.
SORRY NO MAIL ORDERS

NATIVE PLANTS TELOPEA VALLEY NURSERY
Shrubs, Trees, Ground Covers 69 Cnmberiand Avenue. Collaroy
Mail Orders wholesale only also at Mangrove Mountain

20 varieties of Boronia—30 Grevillea )
Flat to let. Wide range Natives. small to advanced

plants - Regret no mail orders
PHONE: 98-6256

J. L. & P. J. FREEMAN

“Garamina’’, Merimbula, N.S.W.

AUSTRAFLORA NURSERY
(W. R. Elliot) — Telephone: 72-8135
BELFAST ROAD, MONTROSE, VIC. 3765
LARGE SELECTION OF GROIIND COVERS. SHRITRS AND TREES
Open Wednesday to Saturdays or by arrangement

Wholesale and Retail — Send Stamp for Catalogue
ALEXANDER PLANT FARM Greenbriar Drive-in Nursery
(Doug Twaits, Prop.) AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS

2 Winifred Street, ESSENDON, W.5. Large and Varied Selection
Phone: 379-5163 BRITNELLS RD., BRIAR HILL, VIC

EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN 2 mile beyond Greensborough

Specialising in Australian Native Plants Phone 43-1468 — Open Weekends

POTTERS’ COTTAGE NURSERY
(Win. Herry)
Jumping Creek Rd., Warrandyte, Vic.

Over 350 varieties of shrubs, trees,
rockery plants, ground covers, climbers
Specialising in hardy ornamentals in

small, semi advanced and advanced
AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS AMAR%g.IgaURSERY

’ NATIVE PLANTS
|
\

Open Every Afternoon, except Mondays

Phone: Croydon 33011 (After Hours) ANNANGROVE RD., KENTHURST

Closed Wednesday

BELBRA NURSERY NARRABEEN NURSERY
in the Heart of the Grampians 74 AUSTRALIAN NATIVES
La H 1444 Pittwater Rd., Narrabeen
rge Range .of Australian Nike S, — si30e
Natives OPEN EVERY DAY
I'nquiries: Box 12, HALL’'S GAP. Specialist in plants for sea coast
DEANE"’S ORCHID NURSERY

Specialising in Australian Native Orchids
Send 7c stamp for descriptive list. Plants sent anywhere.

Nursery open weekends only
157 BEECROFT ROAD, CHELTENHAM, N.S.W.



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—NURSERYMLN Page 93 Vol. &

YOUR GUIDE TO NATIVE PLANT NURSERYMEN

Alexander Plant Farm—2 Winifred Street, Essendon, W5, Victoria.

Amaroo Nursery—Annangrove Rd., Kenthurst, N.S.W. One of the widest ranges of natives
Austraflora Nursery—Belfast Road, Montrose, Victoria, 3165.

Belbra Nursery—Box 12, Hall’'s Gap, Vic. W. and R. I. Stanton. The home of the Thryptomene
Clearview Nursery—W. Cane, Box 19 Maffra, Victoria. Specialist in developed plants.
Deane’s Orchid Nursery—157 Beecroft Road Cheltenham, N.S.W.

Denovan’'s Nursery—188 Marco Ave., Panania, Sydney, N.S.W. Nursery only. A very wide range
Freeman, J. L. & P. J.—‘“Garamina’’, Merimbula, N.S.W.

Greenbriar Drive-in Nursery—55 Britnells Rd., Briar Hill, Victoria. Large & varied selection
Narrabeen Nursery—1444 Pittwater Rd., Narrabeen Nth., N.S.W. Plants for coast

Parry, P. J.—“Floralands”, Kariong via Gosford, N.S.W. A wide range. Postal orders taken
Dnrters (‘nffaae Nursery~]umomg Creek Road, Warrandyte. Victoria

ypea Valley Nursery—69 Cumberland Avenue, Collaroy. Also Mangrove Mountain, N.S.W
ullumm’me rlant Farm—y Snarp’s hkoaa, ‘luusamarine, Vic. Closea Monaays.
KING'S PARK AND BOTANIC TULLAMARINE PLANT FARM
GARDEN., PERTH, W.A 8 Sharps Road, Tullamarine
; : Vic Phone: 335-2853
Current Seed List, 30c. Seed, 30c per 1 mile north of kssendon Airport
packet. Wholesale rates on application Closed Mondays—Open most Weekends
‘Descriptive Catalogue of W.A. Plants” Shrubs Trees Perennials
by J. S. Beard, $1.35 Popular and Rare
‘The Cultivation of Native Plants” by =
W. Livesy, 25c (48 , 13
ustrations) PP deethana Nahve Plant
Wildflowers of the North-west” by Seeds
J. S. Beard, 85c (30 pp. full colour, By Packet, Ounce or Found
70 pictures and map) Large selection. Send for free list

NINDETHANA

(G. W. Althofer)
Box 5, Dripstone, N.S.W

YOUR GUIDE TO NATIVE PLANT SEEDSMEN

Australian Seed Co., Robertson, N.S.W.—Bulk lots supplied to trade & Govt. agencies

King’s Park Seed Supply, King’s Park Perth, Western Australia—see advertisement.

Nindethana, Box 5, Dripstone, N.S.W. For all Native Seed. Packets, ounce or pound lots

Western Wildlife Supply, Gilgandra, N.S.W.—Bulk supplies of natives and exotic tree and
shrub seed to the trade—Special collections to order.

Kings’'s Park Booklet, 70c. Fundamentals
of Pruning, 50c. All prices post free

MORE THAN 300 SPECIES ...

NATIVE AND EXOTIC TREES AND SHRUBS AVAILABLE
FROM FORESTRY COMMISSION NURSERIES AT
PENNANT HILLS, DUBBO, FORBES, MUSWELLBROOK
AND NARRANDERA, N.S.W.

For free catalogue giving complete details and prices

of species contact . . . .

FORESTRY COMMISSION

OF N.S.W.

44 Margaret Street, Sydney. felephone: B 0236



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Page 94—Vol. 5 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—YOUR SOCIETY March, 1969

THE SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS

‘““AUSTRALIAN PLANTS” IS AUSTRALIA’S NATIONAL PRESERVATION JOURNAL
(A non-profit making venture, produced quarterly, dedicated to preservation by cultivation).

This journal is published by The Publishing Section on behalf of The Society for
Growing Australian Plants and its member Societies as follows:

SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—N.S.W. REGION:
President: Mr. C. M. Taylor, 39 Addison Avenue, Roseville, N.S.W. 2069.
Secretary: Mr. F. Hatfield, 56 Taunton Road, Hurstville, N.S.W. 2220.

SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—QLD. REGION:
President: Mr. M. W. Hodge, 25 Barford St., Moorooka, Qld. 4105.
Secretary: Mrs. D. Howlett, Whitty Road, Moggill, QId. 4068.

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS:
President: Mr. E. E. Chivers, 26 Cowper Road, Black Forest, S.A. 5035
Secretary: L. S. Howland, 2 William St., Hawthorn, S.A. 5062.

SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—VICTORIA & TAS.:
President: Mr. F. L. Jeffs, 9 Salisbury Ave., Blackburn, Victoria, 3130.
Secretary: (Sister) E. R. Bowman, 4 Homebush Crescent, Hawthorn East, Vic. 3123

SOCIETY FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—CANBERRA REGION:
President: Mr. T. Simonds, 29 Fishburn Street, Red Hill, A.C.T. 2603.
Secretary: Mr. J. Wrigley, Canberra Botanic Gardens, Canberra, A.C.T.

WEST AUSTRALIAN WILDFLOWER SOC. (Inc.):
President: Mrs. D. Smith, 4 Hawtin Road, Maida Vale, W.A. 6057.
Secretary: Mrs. J. Winzar, 8 Surrey St., Dianella, West Australia. 6062.
Membership is open to any person who wishes to grow Australian native plants
Contact the Secretary of the Society for your State for information without obligation.

PUBLISHING SECTION FOR SOCIETIES
Managing Editor: W. H. Payne assisted by P. D. Leak; Treas.: N. Denovan;

Sec.: L. Williams; Dispatch by R. Birtles, N. Gane, C. Hubner, N. Dent, J. Hayward,
with families. Stencils: H. Bartholomew. Illustrations: A. Spurway, B. Maloney and E. Ham.
Advertising and Sales Representatives in each State: N.S.W., P. D. Leak; Qld., W. W. Kilgour;
S.A, E. S. Thompson; Tas., G. van Munster; W.A., F. Lullfitz; Vic.,, F. L. Jeffs.
MAIL—Address mail to the Editor, 860 Henry Lawson Drive, Picnic Point, N.S.W. 2213
SUBSCRIPTION—Members: Apply state Secretary above.

NON-MEMBERS: You may receive the next 4 issues direct to your home by forwarding
an annual subscription of $1.20. Overseas subscriptions are 16/. sterling or $1.80 U.S.

PRINTING . ..

Printing is our business. Our aim is to supply it at the
most reasonable price and to give o courteous and efficient
service. If we can in anyway be of service to you or
your organisation, please contact us and we will be happy

to supply quotations

SURREY BEATTY & SONS
RICKARD ROAD, CHIPPING NORTON, 2170

TELEPHONE: 602-7404 602-6522



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March, 1969 AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—BOOK REVIEW Page 95—Vol. §

BOOKS ON WILDFLOWERS

The number of books that have been produced on wildflowers must frustrate many
enthusiasts wno would probabiy prefer to spend their money on plaats. In the editor’s
opinion there is little doubt tnat the periodical ‘‘Australian Plants’ adequately meets the
needs of most wildilower growers, students and admirers. Printed since 1959, and now in
38 issues, all but three may be obtained from the editor: .

VOLUME No. 1, issues 1-12, no longer available bound but all issues available separately
at 40c each except nos. 2, 3 & 11, i.e. $3.80 incl. postage.

VOLUME No. &, issues 13-20, all available only fuliy bound at $6.00 plus 20c postage.
Bound in this volume is also ‘“A Descriptive Cataiogue of Western Auscralian Plants” itseif
priced at $3.00 when again available separately in December 1969.

VOLUME No. 3, issues 21-28, all available only fully bound at $6.00 plus 20c postage,
including also ‘“Catalogue of Cultivated Australian Native Plants’ valued at $3.00.

VOLUME No. 4, issues 29-36, all available only fully bound at $6.00 plus 20c postage.
including ““Western Australian Plants for Horticulture—Part 1 valued at $3.00—see below.

VULUME No. 5, issues commencing No. s¢. Past issues are 4Uc eacu p.us dC_ postage.

Climbing on the bandwaggon most publishers have produced books on wildflowers.
Many cover the same range of subjects, which have already been introduced in ‘‘Australian
Plants” but most have either of the following disadvantages. They either have a large
number of beautiful colour plates with inadequate descriptions and practically nothing on
cultivation, or they attempt to deal with cultivation and skimp on colour plates leaving
it to the readers experience or imagination as to what the plant and flower really looks
like. If you bought most of the books available you would have less than half of the
range of material available in past issues of ‘‘Australian Plants’’. There are exceptions.

FLOWERS AND PLANTS OF VICTORIA availabie through the editor at $9.95 plus 50c
postage is one exception. Produced in association with some members of this Society this
pook shows, in 543 colour plates, the widest range of wildflowers of Victoria ever produced.
It does not deal with the cultivation aspects.

WEST AUSTRALIAN PLANTS FOR HORTICULTURE is the latest book by this Society
available from the editor for $3.00 plus 20c postage. The format of the boox generalLy is
to have simple but adequate descriptions (using simple features that anyone can distinguish)
of three species in one genus with a full colour plate of one of them on the opposite page.
Directions as to cultivation are given for each species. Hundreds of West Australian wildflowers
are also described. This is the style of book we recommend and is excellent value at this low
price. It is proposed to produce more in this series on wildflowers from other states if readers
will support us by buying the first one, providing the money to produce the next one.

NEW BOOKS REVIEWED—Now available by postage from the Editor.

From Lansdowne Press comes the following book plus more books in the Periwinkle series.
AUSTRALIA’'S WESTERN WILDFLOWERS by Michael Morcombe — Price $5.50 4 40c postage

This large 110 page book is one ot those that contains, principally, large colour p:ates.
However the size and quality of these plates is outstanding, a lasting tribute to the skill
of the author. The text accompanying the plates is interesting and the section describing
pollination is uniqgue.

THE PERIWINKLE SERIES OF BOOKS by John Childs —  Price $1.20 each 4 20c postage

The series of books by John Childs must surely be widely known. They cover many
aspects of Australian natural history and contain 30-50 colour illustrations plus numerous
diagrams and are very simply but clearly written for the lavmen.

TREES OF THE SYDNEY REGION—This book would be of particular value as a
reference to the eucalypts of the Sydney Region.

AUSTRALIAN POND & STREAM LIFE—One of the best in the series and invaluable
for a reference to the subject and particularly for the young student naturalist. The first
few of the 12 chapters in this 98 page booklet wrill give an indication of its content—1. Water,
The Basis of Life; 2. Freshwater Ecology; 3. Water Plants (‘‘Australian Plants’ is unlikely to
treat this subject so well); 4. Some Small Creatures; 5. Soft-bodied Creatures, etc.

AUSTRALIAN SEASHORE LIFE—Another exceptional 86 page booklet. Titles to the 13
chapters all very competently written, speak for the contents—I1. Life in the Sea; 2. Seaweeds
(““Australian Plants’’ is unlikely to treat this subject; 3. Protozoa; 4. Sponges, etc.

WILDFLOWERS OF THE SYDNEY REGION—An attempt to cover too large a subject in
one small book. 60 of the most common wildflowers found in the national parks are described.

BULBS FOR AUSTRALIAN GARDENS by R. T. M. Prescott, Director, Botanic Gardens,
Melbourne. Price $5.50. Of interest to the general home gardener but very scanty reference
to Australian natives. No doubt this reflects on our bulbous plants that have been overshadowed
by the highly developed exotics of other lands. The author has given adequate reference to
the showier bulbous plants grown in Australia.

TROPICAL NEMATOLOGY by a panel of authors—$8.50 U.S. from the Univ. of Florida
Press, 15th Street, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. Produced principally to reveal the problem
caused by these pests with commercial crops. The study would be of value to the student.
Nematodes are certainly a serious problem in the cultivation of wildflowers and it is to hbe
hoped that an Australian entomologist will examine this problem for us.

L ———c————

WILDFLOWERS FOR ROCKERIES—continued from page no. 91

Myoporum acuminatum, Strychnine Bush—Semi-prostrate, white star flowers.

M. debile, Amulla—Semi-prostrate plant, lilac star shaped flowers, mauve fruits.

M. parvifolium (humile)—See shrubs for saline soils.

Prostanthera aspalathoides. Scarlet Mint Bush—See shrubs for medium loam.

Rhagodia spinescens var. deltaphylla, Creeping Saltbush—Somewhat vigorous semi-
prostrate grey leaved plant.

Scaevola species, Fan Flowers—Prostrate with white, blue or lilac flowers.

Swainsona stipularis, Orange Darling Peas and other species—All excellent floriferous
plants with soikes of red. purple, bronze flowers.

Zgyophyllum species, Twin Leaf—Attractive green leaved plants, vellow flowers.



@@@ 48 @@@



Page 96—Vol. 5  AUSTRALIAN PLANTS—MYRTACEAE _ March, 1969

-
3

{

1

&

.

Photography by Frank Hurley Blocks by courtesy of John Sands Pty. Ltd
EUCALYPTUS CRUCIS — SOUTHERN CROSS SILVER MALLEE

A decorative large shrub, lilac foliage, yellow flowers. This plant is recommended for
planting in gardens in low rainfall areas where the soil is a medium loam and is neutra
r slightly acid. See page no. 90

SURREY BEATTY & SONS, Printers, Rickard Road, Chipping Norton, N.S.W.—602-7404